Cellulose synthase-like D (CSLD) proteins move in the plasma membrane and their targeting to cell tips, but not cell plates, depends on the actin cytoskeleton

Abstract

Cellulose Synthase-Like D (CSLD) proteins are implicated in cell wall remodeling during tip growth and cell division in plants, and are known to generate {beta}-1,4-glucan. It is unknown whether they form complexes and move in the plasma membrane like members of the Cellulose Synthase (CESA) family. We used the genetically tractable moss Physcomitrium patens, which has a filamentous protonemal stage that undergoes both tip growth and cell division and is amenable to high resolution live cell imaging, to investigate CSLD function and intracellular trafficking. CSLD2 and CSLD6 are highly expressed in gametophores and are redundantly required for gametophore cellular patterning. Live cell imaging revealed that CSLD6 is also expressed in protonemata where it moves in the plasma membrane and localizes to cell plates and cell tips. Notably, delivery to the apical plasma membrane, but not the cell plate, depends on actin. By comparing the behavior of endogenously tagged CSLD6 and CESA10, we discovered that CSLD6 movements in the plasma membrane were significantly faster, shorter in duration and less linear than CESA10 movements and were insensitive to the cellulose synthesis inhibitor isoxaben. These data suggest that CSLD6 and CESA10 function within different structures and may thus produce structurally distinct cellulose microfibrils.