Inferring the Neural Basis of Binaural Detection Using Deep Learning

Abstract

The binaural system utilizes interaural timing cues to improve the detection of auditory signals presented in noise. In humans, the binaural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon cannot be directly measured - and hence remain contentious. As an alternative, we trained modified autoencoder networks to mimic human-like behavior in a binaural detection task. The autoencoder architecture emphasizes interpretability and, hence, we "opened it up" to see if it could infer latent mechanisms underlying binaural detection. We found that the optimal network automatically developed artificial neurons with sensitivity to timing cues and with dynamics consistent with a cross-correlation mechanism. These computations were similar to neural dynamics reported in animal models. That these computations emerged to account for human hearing attests to their generality as a solution for binaural signal detection. Methodologically, the study examines the utility of explanatory-driven neural networks and how they may be used to infer mechanisms of audition.