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wallingford, j.

Publications and source records attributed to wallingford, j..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Planar polarized force propagation integrates cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis during convergent extension

Convergent extension (CE) is an evolutionarily conserved developmental process that elongates tissues and organs via collective cell movements known as cell intercalation. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms connecting cell behaviors and tissue shaping. We focus on an often-overlooked aspect of cell intercalation, the resolution of 4-cell rosettes. Our data reveal that polarized cellular forces are involved in a timely rosette resolution, which in turn, enables propagation of such cellular forces, facilitating the propagation of tissue-scale CE. Conversely, delayed rosette resolution leads to a subtle but significant change of tissue-wide cell packing and exerts a profound impact by blocking force propagation, resulting in CE propagation defects. Our findings propose a collaborative nature of local cell intercalations in propagating tissue-wide CE. It unveils a multiscale biomechanical synergy underpinning the cellular mechanisms that orchestrate tissue morphogenesis during CE. HighlightsO_LI4-cell rosette is resolved by a two-step process: t-junction extension, then rotation. C_LIO_LIDelayed t-junction rotation significantly impacts the tissue-wide cell packing configuration. C_LIO_LITimely resolved 4-cell rosettes enable polarized force coupling and propagation both in silico and in vivo. C_LIO_LIPolarized force propagation is involved in the propagation of tissue shaping. C_LI

developmental biology↗

Kif9 is an active kinesin motor required for ciliary beating and proximodistal patterning of motile axonemes

Most motile cilia have a stereotyped structure of nine microtubule outer doublets and a single central pair of microtubules. The central pair microtubules are surrounded by a set of proteins, termed the central pair apparatus. A specific kinesin, Klp1 projects from the central pair and contributes to ciliary motility in Chlamydomonas. The vertebrate orthologue, Kif9 is required for beating in mouse sperm flagella, but the mechanism of Kif9/Klp1 function remains poorly defined. Here, using Xenopus epidermal multiciliated cells, we show that Kif9 is necessary for ciliary motility as well as leads to defects in the distal localization of not only central pair proteins, but also radial spokes and dynein arms. In addition, single-molecule assays in vitro revealed that Xenopus Kif9 is a processive motor, though like axonemal dyneins it displays no processivity in ciliary axonemes in vivo. Thus, our data suggest that Kif9 plays both indirect and direct role in ciliary motility.

cell biology↗