Dystrophin is a mechanical tension modulator
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) represents the most common inherited muscular disease, where progressing muscle weakness leads to loss of ambulation and premature death. DMD is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, and is known to reduce the contractile capacity of muscle tissue both in vivo, and in reconstituted systems in vitro. However, these observations are based on mechanical studies that focused on stimulated contractions of skeletal muscle tissue. Seemingly paradoxical, upon evaluating bioengineered skeletal muscles produced from DMD patient derived myoblasts we observe an increase in myosin motor mediated homeostatic tissue tension that strongly correlates with decreased stimulated tissue strength, suggesting the involvement of dystrophin in regulating the baseline homeostatic tension level of tissue. This was confirmed by three independent pairs of isogenic cell lines, one of each lacking dystrophin compared to the isogenic dystrophin-expressing control. From this we speculate that the protective function of dystrophin also supports cellular fitness via active participation in the mechanosensation to achieve and sustain an ideal level of tissue tension. Hence, this study reveals fundamental novel insights into skeletal muscle biomechanics and into a new key mechanical aspect of DMD pathogenesis, provided by increased homeostatic tissue tension.