Target-identification and mechanism-of-action studies of indole terpenoid mimics reveal that proper spindle microtubule assembly is essential for Cdh1-mediated proteolysis of CENP-A
Centromere protein A (CENP-A), a histone H3 variant specific to centromeres, is crucial for kinetochore positioning and chromosome segregation. However, its regulatory mechanism in human cells remains incompletely understood. We conducted a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the cell cycle-arresting indole terpenoid mimic JP18 and found two more potent analogues, (+)-6-Br-JP18 and (+)-6-Cl-JP18. Tubulin was identified as a potential cellular target of these halogenated analogues by using the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) based method. X-ray crystallography analysis revealed that both molecules bind to the colchicine-binding site of {beta}-tubulin. Furthermore, we discovered that treatment of human cells with microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), including these two compounds, led to CENP-A accumulation by destabilizing Cdh1, a co-activator of the APC/C E3 ubiquitin ligase. Our study establishes a link between microtubule dynamics and CENP-A accumulation using small-molecule tools and highlights the role of Cdh1 in CENP-A proteolysis.