Acyl plastoquinol is a major substance that co-migrates with triacylglycerol in cyanobacteria
Various studies have suggested the presence of triacylglycerol in cyanobacteria, but no convincing evidence exists. We purified a substance co-migrating with triacylglycerol and determined its structure using mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and 1H- and 13C-NMR. The major components were palmitoyl and stearoyl plastoquinols (acyl plastoquinol). Acyl plastoquinol has never been described before. The level of acyl plastoquinol was 0.4% of the total lipids. We still do not have clear evidence for the presence of triacylglycerol. If present, the maximum triacylglycerol level, must be at most 10% of acyl plastoquinol or less. The Synechocystis Slr2103 protein was suggested to synthesize triacylglycerol, but the product could be acyl plastoquinol. The possible roles of this novel compound in photosynthesis should be a new focus of research.