GALE-dependent glycoproteome remodelling is a determinant of oncogenic RAS transformation
Oncogenic transformation is accompanied by extensive remodelling of the cellular glycosylation landscape, yet the mechanisms linking oncogenic signalling to glycoproteome reprogramming remain poorly defined. We used site-resolved intact glycoproteomics to systematically map oncogenic RAS-dependent changes across the N- and O-linked glycoproteome. Integrating multiomics profiling with functional approaches, we identify UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE) as a transcriptional target of oncogenic RAS that is induced through MAPK signalling and MYC-dependent transcription. GALE depletion selectively disrupted RAS-dependent glycoproteome remodelling, preferentially impairing sialylation of N-linked glycans and O-linked GalNAc-type glycosylation. Functionally, these glycosylation defects were accompanied by suppressed anchorage-independent growth and reduced in vivo tumorigenicity of KRAS-mutant cells, establishing GALE-dependent nucleotide-sugar interconversion as a requirement for malignant growth. Clinically, GALE expression was elevated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, wherein KRAS mutations are highly prevalent, and across a broad spectrum of human cancers. Collectively, our findings define a regulatory axis that connects oncogenic signalling to nucleotide-sugar precursor availability and diversification of the cellular glycan repertoire, revealing GALE as a metabolic dependency in RAS-driven cancer.