Biology subjects

Yang, A. I.

Publications and source records attributed to Yang, A. I..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Dynamics and geometry of emotion and cognition: an interpretable model of individual human behavior

Affective flexibility-the capacity to flexibly process emotional information-has been assessed with affective task switching, in which response times consistently reveal larger behavioral costs when switching to the affective task. These traditional metrics of task behavior, however, discard the sub-trial dynamics that produce them and are vulnerable to trial-sampling noise. Subject-specific generative models were independently fitted (22 adults) with response-time sequences. The learned dynamics were visualized as continuous trajectories in a labeled embedding that was shared across person-specific models, yielding a suite of interpretable geometric metrics that captured how sub-trial behavior is jointly shaped by experimental conditions and between-subject variability. Switch-repeat onset distance tracked individual differences in switch costs; early- and late-epoch tortuosity provided convergence with classical sub-process models; and angular alignment between trajectories supported a task set flexibility account of asymmetric switch costs. Overall, our approach demonstrates the utility of latent geometry for deriving mechanistically informative measures of individual task behavior.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Thalamocortical network dynamics in focal epilepsy: SEEG investigation

Thalamic neuromodulation is clinically effective in drug{-}resistant epilepsy, suggesting critical contributions of the thalamus to the epileptogenic process. However, the underlying electrophysiologic mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Converging evidence implicates the thalamus in shaping large{-}scale functional interactions across the cortex. We hypothesized that ictal changes in thalamic activity track cortical network dynamics associated with seizure propagation. We analyzed stereo{-}electroencephalography recordings from 16 patients with focal epilepsy (255 seizures) with simultaneous sampling of the thalamus (anterior nucleus, N=14; pulvinar, N=11) and cortex. Cortical regions of interest included the seizure onset zone (SOZ), surrounding cortices (near{-}SOZ), and control regions from the contralateral hemisphere. We characterized seizure dynamics across spatial scales, from local activity within each region to network{-}level, inter{-}regional interactions. Local activity was decomposed into its periodic (oscillatory) and aperiodic components. Network interactions were characterized by directed functional connectivity computed with a multivariate method. Seizures were associated with increased broadband power (a proxy for neuronal population firing rates) and low{-}frequency rhythmic activity across the thalamocortical network relative to interictal baseline levels. In contrast, consistent changes in aperiodic slope (a putative marker of excitation{-}inhibition balance) were specific to the thalamus, which showed an early and sustained steepening (i.e., more negative slope). While local rhythms were heterogeneous across the canonical frequency bands, inter{-}regional interactions predominantly involved the beta band (13{-}30 Hz). Shortly after onset, both forward outflow from SOZ to near{-}SOZ and feedback inflow in the reverse direction were increased. These bidirectional effects were expressed via both a direct cortico{-}cortical pathway and an indirect transthalamic route, operating in parallel. These dynamics were further stratified based on seizure subtypes, leveraging the fact that there was minimal propagation of ictal activity to the near{-}SOZ in subclinical seizures. The ictal drop in thalamic aperiodic slope was primarily observed in clinical seizures. At the network level, whereas SOZ[->]near{-}SOZ outflow was present across seizure types, reverse feedback was particularly enhanced in clinical seizures. Multivariable regression showed that the degree of thalamic slope steepening uniquely tracked seizure{-}to{-}seizure fluctuations in the strength of near{-} SOZ[->]SOZ feedback, and further predicted seizure durations. Together these findings highlight thalamic aperiodic slope as an index of cortical network dynamics linked to seizure propagation, with potential clinical utility for further development of physiology{-}informed precision neuromodulation.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

Piriform cortex takes sides: temporally-segregated odor representations from ipsilateral and contralateral nostrils within a single sniff

The human olfactory system has two discrete channels of sensory input, arising from olfactory epithelia housed in the left and right nostrils. Here, we asked whether primary olfactory cortex (piriform cortex, PC) encodes odor information arising from the two nostrils as integrated or distinct stimuli. We recorded intracranial EEG signals directly from PC while human subjects participated in an odor identification task where odors were delivered to the left, right, or both nostrils. We analyzed the time-course of odor-identity coding using machine learning approaches, and found that uni-nostril odor inputs to the ipsilateral nostril are encoded [~]480 ms faster than odor inputs to the contralateral nostril on average. During naturalistic bi-nostril odor sampling, odor information emerged in two temporally segregated epochs with the first epoch corresponding to the ipsilateral and the second epoch corresponding to the contralateral odor representations. These findings reveal that PC maintains distinct representations of odor input from each nostril through temporal segregation, highlighting an olfactory coding scheme at the cortical level that can parse odor information across nostrils within the course of a single inhalation.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Tractography-based targeting of ventral intermediate nucleus: A comparison between conventional stereotactic targeting and diffusion tensor imaging-based targeting

BackgroundThe ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus is the main target for lesioning using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) or deep brain stimulation (DBS). Targeting of VIM still depends on standard stereotactic coordinates, which do not account for inter-individual variability. Several approaches have been proposed including visualization of dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRTT) using diffusion tensor imaging tractography. ObjectiveTo compare probabilistic tracking of DRTT with deterministic tracking of DRTT and stereotactic coordinates to identify the most appropriate approach to target VIM. MethodsIn this retrospective study, we assessed the VIM targeted using stereotactic coordinates, deterministic and probabilistic tracking of DRTT in 19 patients with essential tremor who underwent DBS with VIM targeted using microelectrode recordings. We subsequently determined the positions of VIM derived from these three approaches and compared with that of DBS lead position using paired sample t-tests. ResultsThe probabilistic tracking of DRTT was significantly anterior to the lead (1.45 {+/-} 1.61 mm (P< 0.0001)), but not in the medial/lateral position (-0.29{+/-}2.42 mm (P=0.50)). Deterministic tracking of DRTT was significantly lateral (2.16 {+/-} 1.94 mm (P< 0.0001)) and anterior to the lead (1.66 {+/-} 2.1 mm (P< 0.0001)). The stereotactic coordinates were significantly lateral (2.41 {+/-} 1.41 mm (P< 0.0001)) and anterior (1.23 {+/-} 0.89 mm (P< 0.0001)) to the lead. ConclusionProbabilistic tracking of DRTT was found to be superior in targeting VIM compared to deterministic tracking and stereotactic coordinates.

neuroscience↗