Biology subjects

Yamamoto, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Yamamoto, S..

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Intraoperative Spinal Cord Stimulation Mitigates Pain after Spine Surgery in Mice

BackgroundManaging postoperative pain after spine surgery is challenging, and up to 40% of operated patients develop failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) resulting in intractable back and/or leg pain. While spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to effectively alleviate such chronic pain, it is unknown if intraoperative SCS can mitigate the development of central sensitization that potentially causes intense postoperative pain and FBSS after spine surgery. MethodsAs an experimental spine surgery, unilateral T13 laminectomy was performed in mice to expose the dorsal part of L4-5 spinal segments that receive sensory inputs from the hind limb. After the laminectomy, a group of mice received intraoperative SCS epidurally applied to the exposed side of the dorsal part of the spinal cord for an hour under anesthesia before closing the surgical wounds. Secondary mechanical hypersensitivity, a behavioral manifestation of central sensitization, was measured in hind paws using von Frey assay one day before and at predetermined times after surgery. In addition, because von Frey assay is a nocifensive reflex-based analysis that primarily assesses the sensory-discriminative domain of pain, we also performed a conflict avoidance test to capture the affective-motivational domain of pain at selected timepoints post-laminectomy. ResultsMice that underwent unilateral T13 laminectomy developed mechanical hypersensitivity in both hind paws, which gradually resolved in 1-2 weeks. The extent of the hypersensitivity was significantly less in the contralateral hind paw (relative to the laminectomy) than in the ipsilateral hind paw only in females. Intraoperative SCS applied to the exposed side of the dorsal -spinal cord significantly inhibited the development of hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity only in the SCS-applied side. When paws were mechanically stimulated in their preferred place to present a conflict between pain/discomfort and natural preference, mice avoided the conflict after laminectomy, spending less time in the place than before the surgery. However, mice treated with intraoperative SCS after laminectomy did not avoid the conflict. ConclusionThese results demonstrate that spine surgery for unilateral laminectomy induces central sensitization that results in postoperative pain hypersensitivity. Intraoperative SCS after laminectomy can mitigate the development of this hypersensitivity in the SCS-applied side.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Macromolecular crowding and supersaturation protect hemodialysis patients from the onset of dialysis-related amyloidosis

Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), a serious complication among long-term hemodialysis patients, is caused by amyloid fibrils of {beta}2-microglobulin ({beta}2m). Although high serum {beta}2m levels and a long dialysis vintage are the primary and secondary risk factors for the onset of DRA, respectively, patients with these do not always develop DRA, indicating that there are additional risk factors. To clarify these unknown factors, we investigated the effects of human sera on {beta}2m amyloid fibril formation. Although sera markedly inhibited amyloid fibril formation, the inhibitory effects were weaker for sera collected from dialysis patients than for control sera. When sera collected before and after maintenance dialysis treatments were compared, the latter inhibited amyloid fibril formation more than the former. These results indicate that, although the inhibitory effects of sera were deteriorated in long-term dialysis patients, they were ameliorated by maintenance dialysis treatments in the short term. Maintenance dialysis decreases the body weight by 5% and consequently increases the concentrations of serum components. Among these components, we found that serum albumin prevented amyloid fibril formation based on macromolecular crowding effects, and that the decreased serum albumin concentration in dialysis patients is a tertiary risk factor for the onset of DRA. The model was constructed assuming accumulative effects of three risk factors and may be useful for predicting the onset of DRA. Furthermore, the model suggested the importance of monitoring temporary and accumulated risks to prevent the development of amyloidoses in general, which occurs based on supersaturation-limited amyloid fibril formation in a crowded milieu.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2022

Discovery of S-217622, a Non-Covalent Oral SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitor Clinical Candidate for Treating COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in millions of deaths and threatens public health and safety. Despite the rapid global spread of COVID-19 vaccines, effective oral antiviral drugs are urgently needed. Here, we describe the discovery of S-217622, the first oral non-covalent, non-peptidic SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor clinical candidate. S-217622 was discovered via virtual screening followed by biological screening of an in-house compound library, and optimization of the hit compound using a structure-based drug-design strategy. S-217622 exhibited antiviral activity in vitro against current outbreaking SARS-CoV-2 variants and showed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo for once-daily oral dosing. Furthermore, S-217622 dose-dependently inhibited intrapulmonary replication of SARS-CoV-2 in mice, indicating that this novel non-covalent inhibitor could be a potential oral agent for treating COVID-19.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2022

The architecture of the actin network can balance the pushing forces produced by growing microtubules.

The position of centrosome, the main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), is instrumental in the definition of cell polarity. It is defined by the balance of tension and pressure forces in the network of microtubules (MTs). As MTs polymerize against the cell periphery, pressure increases and produces pushing forces on the MTOC. How the mechanical interplay between MTs and the actin network is involved in the regulation of these forces remains poorly understood, in particular because its investigation is technically limited by the structural and biochemical complexity of the cell cytoplasm. Here, in a cell-free assay, we used purified proteins to reconstitute the interaction of an aster of dynamic MTs with actin networks of various compositions and architectures in cell-sized microwells. In the absence of actin filaments, the positioning of the MTOC was highly sensitive to variations in MT length. The presence of a bulk actin filament network limited MTs deformation and displacement, and MTOCs were hold in place. In contrast, the assembly of a dense and branched actin network along the edges of the wells centered the MTOCs by preventing MT slippage and thus maintaining an isotropic balance of pushing forces. In agreement with this, an asymmetric peripheral actin network caused the MTOC to decenter by creating an asymmetry in the pushing forces. Numerical simulations demonstrated that steric hindrance by actin networks, at the tip or along the entire length of MTs, can modulate MTOC positioning, as observed in the experiments. Overall, our results show that actin networks can limit the sensitivity of MTOC positioning to MT length and enforce robust MTOC centering or decentering depending on its architecture.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Identification of domestic cat hepadnavirus from a cat blood sample in Japan

The hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae) induces chronic hepatitis and hepatic cancer in humans. A novel domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) was recently identified in several countries, however, the DCH infection status of cats in Japan is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the DCH infection rate of 139 cat samples collected in Japan. We identified one positive blood sample (0.78%) from a 17-year-old female cat with chronically elevated alanine aminotransferase. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the DCH strain identified in this study is genetically distinct from strains in other countries. Further investigations are required to elucidate the evolution of DCH and the impact of DCH infection on hepatic diseases in domestic cats.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2021

Over-expression of wild-type ACVR1 in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva mice rescues perinatal lethality and inhibits heterotopic ossification

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a devastating disease of progressive heterotopic bone formation for which effective treatments are currently unavailable. FOP is caused by dominant gain-of-function mutations in the receptor ACVR1 (also known as ALK2), which render the receptor inappropriately responsive to activin ligands. In previous studies, we developed a genetic mouse model of FOP that recapitulates most clinical aspects of the disease. In this model, genetic loss of the wild-type Acvr1 allele profoundly exacerbated heterotopic ossification, suggesting the hypothesis that the stoichiometry of wild-type and mutant receptors dictates disease severity. Here, we tested this model by producing FOP mice that conditionally over-express human wild-type ACVR1. Injury-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) was completely blocked in FOP mice when expression of both the mutant and wild-type receptor were targeted to Tie2-positive cells, which includes fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). Perinatal lethality of Acvr1R206H/+ mice was rescued by constitutive ACVR1 over-expression and these mice survived to adulthood at predicted Mendelian frequencies. Constitutive over-expression of ACVR1 also provided protection from spontaneous HO, and the incidence and severity of injury-induced HO in these mice was dramatically reduced. Analysis of pSMAD1/5/8 signaling both in cultured cells and in vivo indicates that ACVR1 over-expression functions cell-autonomously by reducing osteogenic signaling in response to activin A. Manipulating the stoichiometry of FOP-causing and wild-type ACVR1 receptors may provide the foundation for novel therapeutic strategies to treat this devastating disease.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Oxytocin promotes social grooming in bonobos: testing the biobehavioural feedback loop hypothesis

Oxytocin has attracted research attention due to its role in promoting social bonding. In bonobos and chimpanzees, the two Pan species closely related to humans, urinary oxytocin is known to correlate with key behaviours related to social bonding, such as social grooming in chimpanzees and female-female sexual behaviour in bonobos. However, no study has demonstrated that the administration of oxytocin promotes real-life social interactions in Pan, leaving it unclear whether oxytocin is merely correlated with social behaviors or does affect them in these species. To test this, we administered nebulized oxytocin or saline placebo to a group of female bonobos and subsequently observed the change in their gross behavior during free interaction. We found an overall effect of more frequent grooming in the oxytocin condition. However, on the individual level this effect remained significant for only one participant in our follow-up models, suggesting future work should explore inter-individual variation. Our results provide some experimental support for the biobehavioural feedback loop hypothesis, which posits that some functions of the oxytocin system support the formation and maintenance of social bonds through a positive feedback loop; however, further tests with a larger number of individuals are required. Our results, at a minimum, demonstrated that oxytocin affects spontaneous, naturalistic social interactions of at least some female bonobos, adding to accumulating evidence that oxytocin modulates complex social behaviors of Pan.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2021

ModelMatcher: A scientist-centric online platform to facilitate collaborations between stakeholders of rare and undiagnosed disease research

Next-generation sequencing is a prevalent diagnostic tool for undiagnosed diseases, and has played a significant role in rare disease gene discovery. While this technology resolves some cases, others are given a list of possibly damaging genetic variants necessitating functional studies. Productive collaborations between scientists, clinicians, and patients can help resolve such medical mysteries, and provide insights into in vivo function of human genes. Furthermore, facilitating interactions between scientists and research funders, including non-profit organizations or commercial entities, can dramatically reduce the time to translate discoveries from bench to bedside. Several systems designed to connect clinicians and researchers with a shared gene of interest have been successful. However, these platforms exclude some stakeholders based on their role or geography. Here we describe ModelMatcher, a global online matchmaking tool designed to facilitate cross-disciplinary collaborations, especially between scientists and other stakeholders of rare and undiagnosed disease research. ModelMatcher is integrated into the Rare Diseases Models and Mechanisms Network and Matchmaker Exchange, allowing users to identify potential collaborators in other registries. This living database decreases the time from when a scientist or clinician is making discoveries regarding their genes of interest, to when they identify collaborators and sponsors to facilitate translational and therapeutic research.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2021

Integrated phylogenomics and fossil data illuminate the evolution of beetles

With over 380,000 described species and possibly several million more yet unnamed, beetles represent the most biodiverse animal order. Recent phylogenomic studies have arrived at considerably incongruent topologies and widely varying estimates of divergence dates for major beetle clades. Here we use a dataset of 68 single-copy nuclear protein coding genes sampling 129 out of the 194 recognized extant families as well as the first comprehensive set of fully-justified fossil calibrations to recover a refined timescale of beetle evolution. Using phylogenetic methods that counter the effects of compositional and rate heterogeneity we recover a topology congruent with morphological studies, which we use, combined with other recent phylogenomic studies, to propose several formal changes in the classification of Coleoptera: Scirtiformia and Scirtoidea sensu nov., Clambiformia ser. nov. and Clamboidea sensu nov., Rhinorhipiformia ser. nov., Byrrhoidea sensu nov., Dryopoidea stat. res., Nosodendriformia ser. nov., and Staphyliniformia sensu nov., alongside changes below the superfamily level. The heterogeneous former superfamily Cucujoidea is divided into three monophyletic groups: Erotyloidea stat. nov., Nitiduloidea stat. nov., and Cucujoidea sensu nov. Our divergence time analysis recovered an evolutionary timescale congruent with the fossil record: a late Carboniferous origin of Coleoptera, a late Paleozoic origin of all modern beetle suborders, and a Triassic-Jurassic origin of most extant families. While fundamental divergences within beetle phylogeny did not coincide with the hypothesis of a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, many polyphagan superfamilies exhibited increases in richness with Cretaceous flowering plants.

zoology↗

bioRxiv2021

Fluctuation of cellular differentiation in limb regeneration is regulated by Pde4b in urodele amphibians

Urodele amphibians, Pleurodeles waltl and Ambystoma mexicanum, have organ-level regeneration capability, such as limb regeneration. Multipotent cells are induced by an endogenous mechanism in amphibian limb regeneration. It is well known that dermal fibroblasts receive regenerative signals and turn into multipotent cells, called blastema cells. However, the induction mechanism of the blastema cells from matured dermal cells was unknown. We previously found that BMP2, FGF2, and FGF8 (B2FF) could play sufficient roles in blastema induction in urodele amphibians. Here, we show that B2FF treatment can induce dermis-derived cells that can participate in multiple cell lineage in limb regeneration. We first established a newt dermis-derived cell line and confirmed that B2FF treatment on the newt cells provided plasticity in cellular differentiation in limb regeneration. Interspecies comparative analysis clarified that Pde4b upregulation by B2FF specifically took place in the newt cells. Blocking PDE4B signaling by Rolipram suppressed dermis-to-cartilage transformation and the mosaic knockout animals showed consistent results. Our results are a valuable insight into how dermal fibroblasts acquire multipotency during the early phase of limb regeneration via an endogenous program in amphibian limb regeneration.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Stabilizing genetically unstable simple sequence repeats in the Campylobacter jejuni genome by multiplex genome editing: a reliable approach for delineating multiple phase-variable genes

Hypermutability of simple sequence repeats (SSR) through DNA slippage is a major mechanism of phase variation in Campylobacter jejuni. The presence of multiple SSR-mediated phase-variable genes encoding enzymes that modify surface structures, including capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipooligosaccharide (LOS), generates high levels of structural variants within bacterial populations, thereby promoting adaptation to selective pressures in host environments. Therefore, the phenotypic diversity generated by phase variation can limit the reproducibility of results with C. jejuni; therefore, researchers need to genetically control the mutability of multiple SSRs. Here, we show that natural "cotransformation" is an effective method for C. jejuni genome editing. Cotransformation is a trait of naturally competent bacteria that causes uptake and integration of multiple different DNA fragments, which has been recently adapted to multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (MuGENT), a method for introducing multiple scarless mutations into the genomes of these bacteria. We found that the cotransformation frequencies of antibiotic resistance gene-marked DNA fragments and unmarked DNA fragments reached ~40% in C. jejuni. To examine the feasibility of MuGENT in C. jejuni, we "locked" either different polyG SSR tracts in strain NCTC11168 (which are located in the biosynthetic CPS and LOS gene clusters) into either the ON or OFF configurations by interrupting the continuous runs of G residues without changing the encoded amino acids. This approach, termed "MuGENT-SSR," enabled the generation of all eight edits within 2 weeks and the identification of a phase-locked strain with a highly stable type of Penner serotyping, a CPS-based serotyping scheme. Furthermore, extensive genome editing of this strain by MuGENT-SSR identified a phase-variable gene that determines the Penner serotype of NCTC11168. Thus, MuGENT-SSR provides a platform for genetic and phenotypic engineering of genetically unstable C. jejuni, making it a reliable approach for elucidating the mechanisms underlying phase-variable expression of specific phenotypes. Author summaryCampylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in developed countries and occasionally progresses to the autoimmune disease Guillain-Barre syndrome. The genetically and phenotypically unstable features of this bacterial species limit research and development efforts. A relatively large number of hypermutable simple sequence repeat (SSR) tracts in the C. jejuni genome markedly decreases its phenotypic stability through reversible changes in the ON or OFF expression states of the genes in which they reside, a phenomenon called phase variation. Thus, controlling SSR-mediated phase variation can be important for achieving stable and reproducible research on C. jejuni. In this study, we developed a feasible and effective approach to genetically manipulate multiple SSR tracts in the C. jejuni genome using natural cotransformation, a trait of naturally transformable bacterial species that causes the uptake and integration of multiple different DNA molecules. This approach will greatly help to improve the genetic and phenotypic stability of C. jejuni to enable diverse applications in research and development.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2021

Reduction of susceptibility to azoles and 5-fluorocytosine and growth acceleration in Candida albicans by glucose in urine

Candida species are causal pathogens for urinary tract infections, vulvovaginitis, and balanitis. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for Candida infection. To investigate the potential effects of glucosuria on Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata), we investigated the influence of their growth and antifungal susceptibilities by glucose in urine. Candida spp. exhibited greater growth in urine with glucose (300 and 3,000 mg/dL) than in plain urine taken from healthy volunteers. After 24 h incubation, the viable cell number was more than 10-fold higher in the urine added 3,000 mg/dL glucose than in plain urine. In antifungal susceptibility, more than 80% of C. albicans clinical isolates increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and miconazole) and 5-fluorocytosine with the addition of glucose exceeding their breakpoints. This phenomenon was not observed in clinical isolates of C. krusei and C. glabrata. We observed the growth in the urine to which 3,000 mg/dL glucose was added even in the presence of a 128-fold higher minimum inhibitory concentration of fluconazole. In most of the C. albicans clinical isolates, the mRNA expression of the azole resistance genes ERG11, CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 increased in glucose-added urine compared with plain urine. In conclusion, the growth of C. albicans is accelerated and azoles and 5-fluorocytosine become ineffective as a result of a high concentration of glucose in urine. These observations provide valuable information about the clinical course and therapeutic effects of azoles against C. albicans infections in patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperglucosuria. IMPORTANCEDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and glucosuria, with a high risk of Candida infection. The current study demonstrated the acceleration of Candida growth and ineffectiveness of azoles and 5-fluorocytosine against C. albicans in urine in the presence of glucose. These observations provide novel and valuable information about the clinical course and antifungal treatment of Candida spp. in urinary tract and genital infections of diabetes mellitus patients. For the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Candida spp., the guidelines do not mention glucosuria. Thus, this study suggests the necessity to conduct clinical evaluations for glucosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus who have urinary tract and genital infections with Candida spp.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2021

Alzheimer's disease-associated TM2D genes regulate Notch signaling and neuronal function in Drosophila

TM2 domain containing (TM2D) proteins are conserved in metazoans and encoded by three separate genes in each species. Rare variants in TM2D3 are associated with Alzheimers disease (AD) and its fly ortholog almondex is required for embryonic Notch signaling. However, the functions of this gene family remain elusive. We knocked-out all three TM2D genes (almondex, CG11103/amaretto, CG10795/biscotti) in Drosophila and found that they share the same maternal-effect neurogenic defect. Triple null animals are not phenotypically worse than single nulls, suggesting these genes function together. Overexpression of the most conserved region of the TM2D proteins acts as a potent inhibitor of Notch signaling at the {gamma}-secretase cleavage step. Lastly, Almondex is detected in the brain and its loss causes shortened lifespan accompanied by progressive electrophysiological defects. The functional links between all three TM2D genes are likely to be evolutionarily conserved, suggesting that this entire gene family may be involved in AD.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2021

Behavioural synchronization in a multilevel society of feral horses

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWBehavioural synchrony among individuals is essential for group-living organisms. It is still largely unknown how synchronization functions in a multilevel society, which is a nested assemblage of multiple social levels between many individuals. Our aim was to build a model that explained the synchronization of activity in a multilevel society of feral horses. We used multi-agent based models based on four hypotheses: A) horses do not synchronize, B) horses synchronize with any individual in any unit, C) horses synchronize only within units and D) horses synchronize across and within units, but internal synchronization is stronger. Our empirical data obtained from drone observations best supported hypothesis D. This result suggests that animals in a multilevel society coordinate with other conspecifics not only within a unit but at an inter-unit level. In this case, inter-individual distances are much longer than those in most previous models which only considered local interaction within a few body lengths.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2020

Centriole and PCM cooperatively recruit CEP192 to spindle poles to promote bipolar spindle assembly

The pericentriolar material (PCM) that accumulates around the centriole expands during mitosis and nucleates microtubules. While centrosomes facilitate bipolar spindle formation, the individual functions of the centriole and PCM in mitosis remain elusive. Herein, we show the redundant roles of the centriole and PCM in bipolar spindle formation in human cells. Upon depletion of the PCM scaffold components, pericentrin and CDK5RAP2, centrioles remained able to recruit CEP192 onto their walls, which was sufficient for bipolar spindle formation. In contrast, through centriole removal, we found that pericentrin and CDK5RAP2 recruited CEP192 at the acentriolar spindle pole and facilitated bipolar spindle formation in mitotic cells with one centrosome. Furthermore, the chemical perturbation of polo-like kinase 1, a critical kinase for PCM assembly, efficiently suppressed the proliferation of various cancer cell lines from which centrioles were removed. Overall, these data suggest that the centriole and PCM cooperatively recruit CEP192 to spindle poles and facilitate bipolar spindle formation in human cells.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Effects of species traits and ecosystem characteristics on species detection by eDNA metabarcoding in lake fish communities

Although environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is acknowledged to be an exceptionally useful and powerful tool for monitoring surveys, it has limited applicability, particularly for nationwide surveys. To evaluate the performance of eDNA metabarcoding in broad-scale monitoring, we examined the effects of species ecological/biological traits and ecosystem characteristics on species detection rates and the consequences for community analysis. We conducted eDNA metabarcoding on fish communities in 18 Japanese lakes on a country-wide scale. By comparing species records, we found that certain species traits, including body size, body shape, saltwater tolerance, and habitat preferences, influenced eDNA detection. We also found that the proportion of species detected decreased significantly with an increase in lake surface area, owing to an ecosystem-size effect on species detection. We conclude that species traits, including habitat preferences and body size, and ecosystem size should be taken into consideration when assessing the performance of eDNA metabarcoding in broad-scale monitoring.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2020

Are mice born normally with an egg-only diet?

Chicken eggs (egg) contain high amounts of important proteins and fat with a very low amount of carbohydrates, and also contain all vitamins and minerals needed for the chick to develop. We mated 8-week-old mice consuming an egg-only diet, and examined whether mice got pregnant and mice gave birth. Then we continued to raise newborn mice only consuming an egg-only diet compared to normal chew diet. We found that the rate of pregnancy of the mice consuming an egg-only diet was not different from that of the mice consuming normal chew diet. Further, we found that the number of pupus born from the mother consuming only eggs was not different from that of the mother consuming normal chew diet. However, the newborn mice from the mother fed only eggs did not grow healthy when they consume egg-only diet. Only few mice were alive at one month after birth. Then we change the diet just before or just after birth from egg only diet to normal chew diet and we found that both group grew healthy more than one month. These results indicate that mice are born healthy only with egg only diet.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2020

The effects of dynamic arm movements during prolonged whole-body tilt on the perception of gravitational direction

Additional gravitational cues generated by active body movements may play a role in the perception of gravitational space, but no experimental evidence has been shown on this. To investigate this possibility, we evaluated how arm movements made against gravity influenced the perceptual distortion of visual and postural vertical induced by prolonged whole-body tilt. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to perform static or dynamic arm movements during prolonged whole-body tilt and we assessed their effects on subjective visual vertical (SVV) at the tilt position (during-tilt session) and after tilting back to the upright position (post-tilt session). In Experiment 2, we evaluated how static or dynamic arm movements during prolonged tilt subsequently affected the subjective postural vertical (SPV). In Experiment 1, we observed that prolonged tilt induced the SVV shifts toward the side of body tilts in both sessions. The prolonged tilt-induced SVV shifts effectively decreased when performing dynamic arm movements in the during-tilt session, but not in the post-tilt session. In Experiment 2, the SPV shifted toward the side of prolonged body tilt, which was not significantly influenced by the performance of static or dynamic arm movements. Results of the during-tilt session suggest that the central nervous system utilizes additional cues generated by dynamic body movements for the perception of the visual vertical.

neuroscience↗