Biology subjects

Womack, H. R.

Publications and source records attributed to Womack, H. R..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Photosymbiont density is correlated with constitutive and induced immunity in the facultatively symbiotic coral, Astrangia poculata

Scleractinian corals, essential ecosystem engineers that form the base of coral reef ecosystems, have faced unprecedented mortality in recent decades due climate-change related stressors, including disease outbreaks. Despite this emergent threat to corals, many questions still remain regarding mechanisms underlying observed variation in disease susceptibility. Emergent data suggests at least some degree of variation in disease response may be linked to variability in the relationship between host corals and their algal photosymbionts (Family Symbiodineaceae). Still, the nuances of connections between symbiosis and immunity in cnidarians, including scleractinian corals, remain poorly understood. Here we leveraged an emergent model species, the facultatively symbiotic, temperate, scleractinian coral Astrangia poculata, to investigate associations between symbiont density and both constitutive and induced immunity. We used a combination of controlled immune challenges with heat-inactivated pathogens and transcriptomic analyses. Our results demonstrate that A. poculata mounts a robust initial response to pathogenic stimuli that is highly similar to responses documented in tropical corals. Furthermore, we document positive associations between symbiont density and both constitutive and induced immune responses, in agreement with recent preliminary studies in A. poculata. A suite of immune genes, including those coding for antioxidant peroxidoxin biosynthesis, are constitutively positively associated with symbiont density in A. poculata. Furthermore, variation in symbiont density is associated with distinct patterns of immune response; low symbiont density corals induce preventative immune mechanisms whereas high symbiont density corals mobilize energetic resources to fuel humoral immune responses. In summary, our study reveals the need for more nuanced study of symbiosis-immune interplay across diverse scleractinian corals, preferably including quantitative energy budget analysis for full disentanglement of these complex associations and their effects on pathogen susceptibility.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2023

Characterization of trade-offs between immunity and reproduction in Astrangia poculata

BackgroundLiving organisms face ubiquitous pathogenic threats and have consequently evolved immune systems to protect against potential invaders. However, many components of the immune system are physiologically costly to maintain and engage, often drawing resources away from other organismal processes such as growth and reproduction. Evidence from a diversity of systems has demonstrated that organisms use complex resource allocation mechanisms to manage competing needs and optimize fitness. However, understanding of resource allocation patterns is limited across taxa. Cnidarians, which include ecologically important organisms like hard corals, have been historically understudied in the context of resource allocations. Improving understanding of resource allocation-associated tradeoffs in cnidarians is critical for understanding future ecological dynamics in the face of rapid environmental change. MethodsHere, we characterize trade-offs between constitutive immunity and reproduction in the facultatively symbiotic coral Astrangia poculata. Male colonies underwent ex situ spawning and sperm output was quantified. We then examined the effects of variable symbiont density and energetic budget on physiological traits, including immune activity and reproductive investment. Furthermore, we tested for potential trade-offs between immune activity and reproductive investment. ResultsWe found limited effects of energetic budget on immune metrics; melanin production was significantly positively associated with energetic budget. However, we failed to document any associations between immunity and reproductive output which would be indicative of trade-offs, possibly due to experimental limitations. Our results provide a preliminary framework for future studies investigating immune trade-offs in cnidarians.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2022

Variation in symbiont density is linked to changes in constitutive immunity in the facultatively symbiotic coral, Astrangia poculata

Scleractinian corals are essential ecosystem engineers, forming the basis of coral reef ecosystems. However, these organisms are in decline globally, in part due to rising disease prevalence. Most corals are dependent on symbiotic interactions with single-celled algae from the family Symbiodiniaceae to meet their nutritional needs, however suppression of host immunity may be essential to this relationship. To explore immunological consequences of algal symbioses in scleractinian corals, we investigated constitutive immune activity in the facultatively symbiotic coral, Astrangia poculata. We compared immune metrics (melanin synthesis, antioxidant production, and antibacterial activity) between coral colonies of varying symbiont density. Symbiont density was positively correlated to both antioxidant activity and melanin concentration. Our results suggest that the relationship between algal symbiosis and host immunity may be more complex than originally hypothesized and highlight the need for nuanced approaches when considering these relationships.

ecology↗