Biology subjects

Winocur, G.

Publications and source records attributed to Winocur, G..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2018

Changes in patterns of neural activity underlie a time-dependent transformation of memory in rats and humans

The dynamic process of memory consolidation involves a reorganization of brain regions that support a memory trace over time, but exactly how the network reorganizes as the memory changes remains unclear. We present novel converging evidence from studies of animals (rats) and humans for the time-dependent reorganization and transformation of different types of memory as measured both by behavior and brain activation. We find that context-specific memories in rats, and naturalistic episodic memories in humans, lose precision over time and activity in the hippocampus decreases. If, however, the retrieved memories retain contextual or perceptual detail, the hippocampus is engaged similarly at recent and remote timepoints. As the interval between the timepoint increases, the medial prefrontal cortex is engaged increasingly during memory retrieval, regardless of the context or the amount of retrieved detail. Moreover, these hippocampal-frontal shifts are accompanied by corresponding changes in a network of cortical structures mediating perceptually-detailed as well as less precise, schematic memories. These findings provide cross-species evidence for the crucial interplay between hippocampus and neocortex that reflects changes in memory representation over time and underlies systems consolidation.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2017

Differential spatiotemporal representations along the hippocampal long axis in humans

Increased place field size and signal autocorrelation along the dorsoventral hippocampal axis in rodents are considered a fundamental aspect of hippocampal organization, yet such evidence is lacking in humans. Using fMRI, we report corresponding evidence of increasing neural similarity from posterior to anterior hippocampus (dorsoventral homologues) in humans. These findings help account for observed shifting in representational granularity, from global context (anterior) to local details (posterior), along the hippocampal axis.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2017

Long-term consolidation switches goal proximity coding from hippocampus to retrosplenial cortex

Recent research indicates the hippocampus may code the distance to the goal during navigation of newly learned environments. It is unclear however, whether this also pertains to highly familiar environments where extensive systems-level consolidation is thought to have transformed mnemonic representations. Here we recorded fMRI while University College London and Imperial College London students navigated virtual simulations of their own familiar campus (> 2 years of exposure) and the other campus learned days before scanning. Posterior hippocampal activity tracked the proximity to the goal in the newly learned campus, but not in the familiar campus. By contrast retrosplenial cortex tracked the distance to the goal in the familiar campus, but not in the recently learned campus. These responses were abolished when participants were guided to their goal by external cues. These results open new avenues of research on navigation and consolidation of spatial information and help advance models of how neural circuits support navigation in novel and highly familiar environments.\n\nSignificance StatementHistorically, research on the hippocampal formation has focused on its role in long-term memory and navigation - often in isolation. No study to date has directly compared realistic navigation within familiar with recently learned environments, nor has it been explored how the neural substrates, along with computational codes, may change. In this study, we show for the first time, a shift from hippocampal to cortical coding of distance to a goal during active navigation. This study bridges the gap between memory consolidation and navigation, and paves the way for more functional and realistic understanding of the hippocampus.

neuroscience↗