Biology subjects

Weyrich, L.

Publications and source records attributed to Weyrich, L..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Industrialization restructures the domestic dog gut microbiome while preserving host specificity

Industrialization has reshaped human gut microbiomes, but its effects on other human-associated mammals remain poorly understood. Domestic dogs provide an informative comparative system because they have shared human environments and food systems for millennia yet retain distinct host biology. However, most canine microbiome studies have focused on industrialized companion animals, limiting our understanding of the ecological range of the domestic dog gut microbiome. We analyzed fecal 16S rRNA gene profiles from 261 dogs sampled across Nepal, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States, spanning forager, agrarian, pastoralist, urban, and industrialized lifestyles; 257 dogs remained after excluding recent antibiotic exposure. Lifestyle was the strongest measured correlate of canine gut microbiome composition, and this structure persisted in restricted analyses of mature, non-shelter dogs sampled from temperate climate regions. Industrialized dogs differed from non-industrialized dogs through directional genus-level turnover, restructuring of VANISH- and BloSSUM-like microbial guilds, and shifts in predicted functional potential. Non-industrialized dogs were not microbiologically uniform: pastoralist dogs carried non-industrialized microbiome profiles but diverged from a simple forager-to-industrialized continuum. Cross-species comparisons with humans sampled across matched lifestyle categories showed parallel lifestyle-associated restructuring in both hosts, but host species remained the dominant axis of variation and the genera responding to industrialization were largely host-specific. These findings expand the ecological baseline for the domestic dog gut microbiome and identify industrialization as a major axis of microbiome restructuring in a long-term human-associated mammal. More broadly, they show that shared lifestyle transitions can impose parallel ecological pressures across host species without overriding host-specific community assembly.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2024

A paleogenomic approach to reconstruct historical responses of coral reefs to anthropogenic change

Coral reefs are declining worldwide due to anthropogenic environmental change. The foundation and health of these ecosystems rely on the harmonious functioning of all members of coral holobionts, i.e., cnidarian host, symbiotic microalgae, and associated microbiome. Coral stress responses often involve shifts in the taxonomic identity of their symbionts and microbiomes. Tracing back changes in coral holobiont composition over prolonged time periods can help us reconstruct health history of reefs and gain a better understanding of coral response to current stressors. Here, we focused on a major Caribbean reef-builder coral, Orbicella faveolata, from Varadero Reef, Colombia. This reef has undergone extensive freshwater sediment discharge and pollution for decades as result of urbanization. We show, for the first time, that paleogenomic and paleoclimatic approaches can be combined to reconstruct historical coral holobiont dynamics potentially associated with anthropogenic disturbances.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2018

Laboratory contamination over time during low-biomass sample analysis

Bacteria are not only ubiquitous on earth but can also be incredibly diverse within clean laboratories and reagents. The presence of both living and dead bacteria in laboratory environments and reagents is especially problematic when examining samples with low endogenous content (e.g. skin swabs, tissue biopsies, ice, water, degraded forensic samples, or ancient material), where contaminants can outnumber endogenous microorganisms within samples. The contribution of contaminants within high-throughput studies remains poorly understood because of the relatively low number of contaminant surveys. Here, we examined 144 negative control samples (extraction blank and no-template amplification controls) collected in both typical molecular laboratories and an ultraclean ancient DNA laboratory over five years to characterize long-term contaminant diversity. We additionally compared the contaminant content within a homemade silica-based extraction method, commonly used to analyse low-endogenous samples, with a widely used commercial DNA extraction kit. The contaminant taxonomic profile of the ultraclean ancient DNA laboratory was unique compared to the modern molecular biology laboratories, and changed over time according to researchers, month, and season. The commercial kit contained higher microbial diversity and several human-associated taxa in comparison to the homemade silica extraction protocol. We recommend a minimum of two strategies to reduce the impacts of laboratory contaminants within low-biomass metagenomic studies: 1) extraction blank controls should be included and sequenced with every batch of extractions and 2) the contributions of laboratory contamination should be assessed and reported in each high-throughput metagenomic study.

microbiology↗