Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell function by TGFβ-1 on mast cell extracellular vesicles -- role of endosomal retention
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) convey biological messages between cells, either by surface-to-surface interaction, or by shuttling of bioactive molecules to a recipient cell cytoplasm. Here we show that EVs released by human primary mast cells or transformed human mast cells (HMC1), carry TGF{beta}-1 on their surface. EV-associated TGF{beta}-1 enhance the migratory activity of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compared to free TGF{beta}-1, as both knockdown of TGF{beta}, or a TGF{beta}-antibody, attenuate the effect. The MSCs respond by increasing matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP) activity. Further, EVs given to MSCs are retained in the endosomal compartments at a time of biological function, prolonging EV-associated TGF{beta}-1 signaling vs free TGF{beta}-1. When exposed to EVs, MSCs home more toward allergen-exposed lung in a mouse allergen model, resulting in attenuated allergic inflammation. Our results show that mast cell-EVs are decorated with TGFb-1, are retained in endosomes, which influences both MSC phenotype and function.