Biology subjects

Wei, H.

Publications and source records attributed to Wei, H..

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

A non-human primate model with Alzheimer's disease-like pathology induced by hippocampal overexpression of human tau

Alzheimers disease (AD) is one of the most burdening diseases of the century with no disease-modifying treatment yet. Non-human primates (NHPs) share genetic, anatomical and physiological similarities with humans, making them an ideal model for investigating the pathogenesis and therapeutics of AD. However, the applications of NHPs in AD research have been hindered by the paucity of spontaneous or induced monkey models for AD due to their long generation time, ethical considerations and technical challenges in making genetically modified monkeys. Here we developed an AD-like NHP model by overexpressing human tau in bilateral hippocampi of adult rhesus macaque monkeys. We evaluated the pathological features of these monkeys with immunostaining, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and behavioral tests. We demonstrated that after hippocampal overexpression of human tau, the rhesus macaque monkeys displayed multiple pathological features of AD, including neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuronal loss, hippocampal atrophy, neuroinflammation, A{beta} clearance deficit, blood vessel damage and cognitive decline. This work establishes a human tau-induced AD-like NHP model that may facilitate mechanistic studies and therapeutic treatments for AD.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Accurate de novo prediction of RNA 3D structure with transformer network

RNA 3D structure prediction remains challenging though after years of efforts. Inspired by the recent breakthrough in protein structure prediction, we developed trRosettaRNA, a novel deep learning-based approach to de novo prediction of RNA 3D structure. Like trRosetta, the trRosettaRNA pipeline comprises two major steps: 1D and 2D geometries prediction by a transformer network; and full-atom 3D structure folding by energy minimization with constraints from the predicted geometries. We benchmarked trRosettaRNA on two independent datasets. The results show that trRosettaRNA outperforms other conventional methods by a large margin. For example, on 25 targets from the RNA-Puzzles experiments, the mean RMSD of the models predicted by trRosettaRNA is 5.5 [A], compared with 10.5 [A] from the state-of-the-art human group (i.e., Das). Further comparisons with two recently released deep learning-based methods (i.e., DeepFoldRNA and RoseTTAFoldNA) show that all three methods have similar accuracy. However, trRosettaRNA yields more accurate and physically more realistic side-chain atoms than DeepFoldRNA and RoseTTAFoldNA. Finally, we apply trRosettaRNA to predict the structures for the Rfam families that do not have known structures. Analysis shows that for 263 families, the predicted structure models are estimated to be accurate with RMSD < 4 [A]. The trRosettaRNA server and the package are available at: https://yanglab.nankai.edu.cn/trRosettaRNA/.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2022

Chemical inhibition of PIN auxin transporters by the anti-inflammatory drug Naproxen

The phytohormone auxin plays central roles in many growth and developmental processes in plants. Development of chemical tools targeting the auxin pathway is useful for both plant biology and agriculture. Here we uncover that Naproxen, a synthetic compound with anti-inflammatory activity in humans, acts as an auxin transport inhibitor targeting PIN transporters in plants. Physiological experiments indicate that exogenous Naproxen treatment affects pleiotropic auxin-regulated developmental processes. Further cellular and biochemical evidence supports that Naproxen suppresses auxin transport, specifically PIN-mediated auxin efflux. Moreover, biochemical and structural analysis confirms that Naproxen binds directly to PIN1 protein, via the same binding cavity as the IAA substrate. Thus, by combining cellular, biochemical, and structural approaches, this study well establishes that Naproxen is a PIN inhibitor and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Further use of the compound may advance our understanding on the molecular mechanisms of PIN-mediated auxin transport, and expand our toolkit in auxin biology and agriculture.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Transcriptomic remodeling of the retina in a Zebrafish model of Retinitis Pigmentosa

Inherited retinal degenerative diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) result in progressive loss of photoreceptors until an individual is completely blind. A hallmark of these diseases is progressive structural and functional remodeling of the remaining retinal neurons as rod photoreceptors are lost. While many studies focus on regenerative or bionic therapies to restore vision, extensive remodeling of retinal cell types throughout the course of retinal degenerative diseases stands as a barrier for successful implementation of these strategies. As a window onto the molecular basis of remodeling, we have performed a comparative analysis of single-cell transcriptome data from adult Zebrafish retina of wild-type and a P23H mutant rhodopsin model of RP. In addition to providing a benchmark atlas of retinal cell type transcriptomes in the wild-type adult Zebrafish retina, we find transcriptional changes in essentially all retinal cell types in the P23H model. Increased oxidative stress is evident not only in the rods but also in cones, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and to a lesser extent in amacrine and bipolar cells. Metabolic changes increasing oxidative metabolism and glycolysis are found in rods and cones, while evidence of increased activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is found in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Evidence of synaptic remodeling is found throughout the retina, with changes to increase synaptic transmission in photoreceptors and bipolar cells, increased ionotropic glutamate receptors in amacrine and ganglion cells, and dendritic and axon remodeling throughout. Surprisingly, RPE, cones and bipolar cells in the P23H retinas also have increased expression of genes involved in circadian rhythm regulation. While this model system undergoes continuous regeneration, ongoing remodeling impacts the entire retina. This comprehensive transcriptomic analysis provides a molecular road map to understand how the retina remodels in the context of chronic retinal degeneration with ongoing regeneration.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Reorganizing Niche Architecture Still Preserves Organ Function in the Hair Follicle

Stem cells ability to build and replenish tissues depends on support from their niche. While niche architecture varies across different organs, the functional importance of niche architecture is unclear. During hair follicle growth, multipotent epithelial progenitors build hair via crosstalk with their remodeling fibroblast niche, the dermal papilla, providing a powerful model to functionally interrogate different niche architectures. Through intravital imaging, we show that dermal papilla fibroblasts remodel both individually and collectively to form a polarized, structurally robust niche. Polarized TGF{beta} signaling precedes structural niche polarity, and loss of TGF{beta} signaling in dermal papilla fibroblasts leads them to progressively lose their stereotypic architecture and instead surround the epithelium. The reorganized niche relocates multipotent progenitors, but nevertheless supports their proliferation and differentiation. However, progenitor differentiation is completed prematurely, resulting in compromised hair production. Overall, our results reveal that niche architecture optimizes organ efficiency, but is not absolutely essential for organ function.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Fully Automated Multi-Grid Cryo-EM Screening using Smart Leginon

Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) is a swiftly growing method for understanding protein structure. With increasing demand for high-throughput, high-resolution cryoEM services comes greater demand for rapid and automated cryoEM grid and sample screening. During screening, optimal grids and sample conditions are identified for subsequent high-resolution data collection. Screening is a major bottleneck for new cryoEM projects because grids must be optimized over several factors, including grid type, grid hole size, sample concentration, buffer conditions, ice thickness, and particle behaviors. Even for mature projects, multiple grids are commonly screened to select a subset for high-resolution data collection. Here, machine learning and novel, purpose-built image processing and microscope-handling algorithms are incorporated into the automated data collection software, Leginon, to provide an open-source solution for fully automated, high-throughput grid screening. This new version, broadly called Smart Leginon, emulates the actions of an operator in identifying areas on the grid to explore as potentially useful for data collection. Smart Leginon Autoscreen sequentially loads and examines grids from an automated specimen exchange system to provide completely unattended grid screening across a set of grids. Comparisons between a multi-grid Autoscreen session and conventional manual screening by five expert microscope operators are presented. On average, Autoscreen reduces operator time from [~]6 hours to <10 minutes and provides a comparable percentage of suitable images for evaluation as the best operator. Smart Leginons ability to target holes that are particularly difficult to identify is analyzed. Finally, Smart Leginons utility is illustrated with three real-world multi-grid user screening/collection sessions, demonstrating the efficiency and flexibility of the software package. Smart Leginons fully automated functionality significantly reduces the burden on operator screening time, improves the throughput of screening, and recovers idle microscope time, thereby improving availability of cryoEM services.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2022

Multiplex CRISPR strategy targeting viral genome for agriculture and clinical use

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a viral disease with exceptionally high lethality in domestic pigs and wild boar worldwide1, 2, without any effective vaccine or drug to prevent its spread. In this study, we established a multiplexable CRISPR-Cas-gRNA system targeting 13 genomic loci in the ASF virus genome that could prevent viral replication by cutting its genome. Furthermore, we generated pig strains expressing the multiplexable CRISPR-Cas-gRNA via germline genome editing and demonstrated that the gene-edited pigs were more resistant to ASFV infection and less likely to spread the virus upon infection. As far as we know, our study presents the first living organism generated via germline editing to demonstrate resistance to viral infection via CRISPR-Cas. We anticipate our work to be helpful for both agricultural and biomedical applications, such as xenotransplantation.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2022

A flexible, efficient, and scalable platform to produce circular RNAs as new therapeutics

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has recently emerged as a new drug modality with great therapeutic potential. However, linear mRNAs are relatively unstable and require base modification to reduce their immunogenicity, imposing a limitation to the broad application. The circular RNA (circRNA) presents a better alternative for prolonged expression of the proteins. However the in vitro circularization of RNA at industrial scale is technically challenging, and the direct comparison of efficacy between the circRNA and linear mRNA drugs is lacking. Here we developed a new self-catalyzed system to efficiently produce circRNAs in a co-transcriptional fashion. By rational sequence design, we can efficiently produce scarless circRNAs that do not contain foreign sequences. The resulting circRNAs are very stable and have low immunogenicity, enabling prolonged protein translation in different cells without cellular toxicity. The circRNAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles can be efficiently delivered into mice to direct robust protein expression with improved duration and efficiency. Finally, the circRNAs encoding RBD of SARS-CoV-2 S protein induced strong antibody productions, with neutralization antibody titers higher than the preclinical data from the linear mRNAs. Collectively, this study provided a general platform for efficient production of circRNAs with robust activity in directing protein production, demonstrating the potential of circRNAs as the new generation of mRNA therapy.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2022

Deconstructing cold-induced brown adipocyte neogenesis in mice

Cold-exposure triggers neogenesis in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) that involves activation of b1-adrenergic receptors, proliferation of PDGFRA+ adipose tissue stromal cells (ASCs), and recruitment of immune cells whose phenotypes are presently unknown. Single- cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified three ASC subpopulations that occupied distinct tissue locations. Of these, interstitial ASC1 were found to be direct precursors of new brown adipocytes (BA). Surprisingly, knockout of b1-adrenergic receptors in ASCs did not prevent cold- induced neogenesis, whereas pharmacological activation of the b3-adrenergic receptor on BAs was sufficient, suggesting that signals derived from mature BAs indirectly trigger ASC proliferation and differentiation. In this regard, cold exposure induced the delayed appearance of multiple macrophage and dendritic cell populations whose recruitment strongly correlated with the onset and magnitude of neogenesis across diverse experimental conditions. High resolution immunofluorescence and single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that cold-induced neogenesis involves dynamic interactions between ASC1 and recruited immune cells that occur on the micrometer scale in distinct tissue regions. Our results indicate that neogenesis is not a reflexive response of progenitors to b-adrenergic signaling, but rather is a complex adaptive response to elevated metabolic demands within brown adipocytes.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2022

A coupled atrioventricular-aortic setup for in-vitro hemodynamic study of the systemic circulation: Design, Fabrication, and Physiological relevancy

In-vitro models of the systemic circulation have gained a lot of interest for fundamental understanding of cardiovascular dynamics and for applied hemodynamic research. In this study, we introduce a physiologically accurate in-vitro hydraulic setup that models the hemodynamics of the coupled atrioventricular-aortic system. This unique experimental simulator has three major components: 1) an arterial system consisting of a human-scale artificial aorta along with the main branches, 2) an artificial left ventricle (LV) sac connected to a programmable piston-in-cylinder pump for simulating cardiac contraction and relaxation, and 3) an artificial left atrium (LA). The setup is designed in such a way that the basal LV is directly connected to the aortic root via an aortic valve, and to the LA via an artificial mitral valve. As a result, two-way hemodynamic couplings can be achieved for studying the effects that the LV, aorta, and LA have on each other. The collected pressure and flow measurements from this setup demonstrate a remarkable correspondence to clinical hemodynamics. We also investigate the physiological relevancies of isolated effects on cardiovascular hemodynamics of various major global parameters found in the circulatory system, including LV contractility, LV preload, heart rate, aortic compliance, and peripheral resistance. Subsequent control over such parameters ultimately captures physiological hemodynamic effects of LV systolic dysfunction, preload (cardiac) diseases, and afterload (arterial) diseases. The detailed design and fabrication of the proposed setup is also provided.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2022

Single-cell Gene Regulation Network Interference by Large-scale Data Integration

Single-cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) has proven to be a state-of-art approach to investigating gene regulation at the single-cell level. However, existing methods cannot precisely uncover cell-type-specific binding of transcription regulators (TRs) and construct gene regulation networks (GRNs) in single-cell. ChIP-seq has been widely used to profile TR binding sites in the past decades. Here, we developed SCRIP, an integrative method to infer single-cell TR activity and targets based on the integration of scATAC-seq and a large-scale TR ChIP-seq reference. Our method showed improved performance in evaluating TR binding activity compared to the existing motif-based methods and reached a higher consistency with matched TR expressions. Besides, our method enables identifying TR target genes as well as building GRNs at the single-cell resolution based on a regulatory potential model. We demonstrate SCRIPs utility in accurate cell-type clustering, lineage tracing, and inferring cell-type-specific GRNs in multiple biological systems. SCRIP is freely available at https://github.com/wanglabtongji/SCRIP.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2022

GhCO and GhCRY1 accelerate floral meristem initiation in response to blue light to shorten cotton breeding

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a special category of tissue with pluripotency that forms new organs and individuals, especially floral individuals. However, little is known about the fate of cotton SAMs as a tunica corpus structure. Here, we demonstrate that cotton SAM fate decisions depend on light signals and circadian rhythms, and the genes GhFKF1, GhGI, GhCRY1 and GhCO were responsible for SAM fate decisions and highlighted via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of different cotton cultivars, as confirmed by genetic analysis via the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In situ hybridization (ISH) analysis showed that the GhCO gene, induced by a relatively high blue light proportion, was highly upregulated during the initiation of floral meristems (FMs). Further blue light treatment analysis showed that the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth of SAM was promoted by a high proportion of blue light, coupled with high expression of the blue light-responsive genes GhCO and GhCRY1. Taken together, our study suggests that blue light signalling plays a key role in the fate decision of cotton SAM. These results provide a strategy to regulate the SAM differentiation of cotton by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to change the ratio of red and blue light absorption to breed early-maturity cotton. One-sentence summaryThe SAM differentiation especially the initiation of floral meristem of upland cotton were mediated by genes GhCO and GhCRY1 which in response to blue light.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Ccdc38 is required for sperm flagellum biogenesis and male fertility in mouse

Sperm flagellum is essential for male fertility, defects in flagellum biogenesis are associated with male infertility. Deficiency of CCDC42 is associated with malformation of the mouse sperm flagella. Here, we find that the testis-specific expressed protein CCDC38 (coiled-coil domain containing 38) interacts with CCDC42 and localizes on manchette and sperm tail during spermiogenesis. Inactivation of CCDC38 in male mice results in distorted manchette, multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) of spermatozoa, and eventually male sterility. Furthermore, we find that CCDC38 interacts with intra-flagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) as well as the outer dense fibrous 2 (ODF2), and its depletion reduces the transportation of ODF2 to flagellum. Altogether, our results uncover the essential role of CCDC38 during sperm flagellum biogenesis, and suggesting the defects of these genes might be associated with male infertility in human being. Summary statementWe demonstrated that CCDC38, localizes on manchette and sperm tail, is crucial for male fertility.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2021

HSC-independent definitive hematopoietic cells persist into adult life

The stem cell theory that all blood cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is a central dogma in hematology. However, various types of blood cells are already produced from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) before the first HSCs appear at embryonic day (E)11 in the mouse embryo. This early blood cell production from HECs, called HSC-independent hematopoiesis, includes primitive and definitive erythromyeloid progenitors that transiently support fetal blood homeostasis until HSC-derived hematopoiesis is established. Lymphoid potential has traditionally been detected in the extra-embryonic yolk sac (YS) and/or embryos before HSC emergence, but the actual presence of lymphoid progenitors at this stage remains unknown. In addition, whether HSCs in the fetal liver are the main source of innate-like B-1a cells has been controversial. Here, using complementary lineage tracing mouse models, we show that HSC-independent multipotent progenitors (MPPs) and HSC-independent adoptive B-lymphoid progenitors persist into adult life. Furthermore, HSCs minimally contribute to the peritoneal B-1a cell pool; most B-1a cells are originated directly from ECs in the YS and embryo and HSC-independent for life. Our discovery of extensive HSC-independent MPP and B-lymphoid progenitors in adults attests to the complex blood developmental dynamics through embryo to adult that underpin the immune system and challenges the paradigm of HSC theory in hematology.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Oral administration of bacterial Beta cell expansion factor A (BefA) alleviates diabetes in mice with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases, which is of urgent need to develop new therapeutic DM oral drugs with less side effects and sound therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a Beta cell expansion factor A (BefA) production strain of Escherichia Coli BL21-pet 28C-BefA was constructed, and the anti-diabetes effect of BefA was evaluated using type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice models. The T1DM mice results indicated that BefA significantly reduced the blood glucose level, exerted protective function of islet {beta} cell morphology, down-regulated the TLR-4, p-NF{kappa}B/NF{kappa}B, Bax/Bcl-2 expressions and the secretion level of IL-1{beta}, TNF-, increased the expression of PDX-1 protein and insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, and restored the disturbed microbial diversity to normal level. Similar with the T1DM mice, BefA obviously increased islet {beta} cells, reduced inflammatory reaction and apoptosis in T2DM mice, and also improved liver lipid metabolism by down-regulating the expression of CEBP-, ACC, Fasn and inhibiting the synthesis of triglyceride and induce Cpt-1, Hmgcs2, Ppar in a concentration-dependent manner. In the present study, we verified therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of BefA in mammal for the first time, providing basic data for its clinical application.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2021

Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of a carbon-11 labeled PDE7 inhibitor for PET neuroimaging

BackgroundDysfunction of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) has been associated with excess intracellular cAMP concentrations, fueling pathogenic processes that are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable PDE7-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) probe that allows non-invasive mapping of PDE7 in the mammalian brain. MethodsBased on a spiro cyclohexane-1,4-quinazolinone scaffold with known inhibitory properties towards PDE7, we designed and synthesized a methoxy analog that was suitable for carbon-11 labeling. Radiosynthesis was conducted with the respective desmethyl precursor using [11C]MeI. The resulting PET probe, codenamed [11C]26, was evaluated by cell uptake studies, ex vivo biodistribution and radiometabolite studies, as well as in vivo PET experiments in rodents and nonhuman primates (NHP). ResultsTarget compound 26 and the corresponding phenolic precursor were synthesized in 2-3 steps with overall yields of 49.5% and 12.4%, respectively. An inhibitory constant (IC50) of 31 nM towards PDE7 was obtained and no significant interaction with other PDE isoforms were observed. [11C]26 was synthesized in high molar activities (170 - 220 GBq/{micro}mol) with radiochemical yields of 34{+/-}7%. In vitro cell uptake of [11C]26 was 6-7 folds higher in PDE7 overexpressing cells, as compared to the controls, whereas an in vitro specificity of up to 90% was measured. Ex vivo metabolite studies revealed a high fraction of intact parent in the rat brain (98% at 5 min and 75% at 30 min post injection). Considerable brain penetration was further corroborated by ex vivo biodistribution and PET imaging studies - the latter showing heterogenic brain uptake. While marginal specific binding was observed by PET studies in rodents, a moderate, but dose-dependent, blockade was observed in the NHP brain following pretreatment with non-radioactive 26. ConclusionIn this work, we report on the preclinical evaluation of [11C]26 (codename [11C]P7-2104), a PDE7-targeted PET ligand that is based on a spiroquinazolinone scaffold. [11C]26 displayed promising in vitro performance characteristics, a moderate degree of specific binding in PET studies with NHP. Accordingly, [11C]26 will serve as a valuable lead compound for the development of a new arsenal of PDE7-targeted probes with potentially improved in vivo specificity.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

A new role of low barrier hydrogen bond in mediating protein stability by small molecules

Low barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB) is a special type of hydrogen bond which occurs where two heteroatoms with similar pKa values share a single proton resulting in an unusually strong and short hydrogen bond. LBHBs in protein play important roles in enzyme catalysis and maintaining protein structural integrity but its other biochemical roles are unknown. Here we report a novel function of LBHB in selectively inducing tubulin protein degradation. A tubulin inhibitor, 3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl) amino-{beta}-carboline (PAC), promotes selective degradation of {beta}-tubulin heterodimers by binding to the colchicine site of {beta}-tubulin. Biochemical studies have revealed that PAC specifically destabilizes tubulin, making it prone to aggregation that then predisposes it to ubiquitinylation and then degradation. Structural activity analyses have indicated that the destabilization is mediated by a single hydrogen bond formed between the pyridine nitrogen of PAC and {beta}Glu198, which is identified as a LBHB. In contrast, another two tubulin inhibitors only forming normal hydrogen bonds with {beta}Glu198 exhibit no degradation effect. Thus, the LBHB accounts for the degradation. Most importantly, we screened for compounds capable of forming LBHB with {beta}Glu198 and demonstrated that BML284, a Wnt signaling activator, also promotes tubulin heterodimers degradation in a PAC-like manner as expected. Our study has identified a novel approach for designing tubulin degraders, providing a unique example of LBHB function and suggests that designing small molecules to form LBHBs with protein residues resulting in the highly specific degradation of a target protein could be a new strategy for drug development.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2021

Present and Future Ecological Niche Modeling of Rift Valley fever in East Africa in Response to Climate Change

Rift Valley fever (RVF) has been linked with recurrent outbreaks among humans and livestock in several parts of the globe. Predicting RVFs habitat suitability under different climate scenarios offers vital information for developing informed management schemes. The present study evaluated the probable impacts of climate change on the distribution of RVF disease in East Africa (E. A.), using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and the disease outbreak cases. Considering the potential of the spread of the disease in the East Africa region, we utilized two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) climate scenarios in the 2050s and 2070s (average for 2041-2060, and 2061-2080), respectively. All models had satisfactory AUC values of more than 0.809, which are considered excellent. Jackknife tests revealed that Bio4 (temperature seasonality), land use, and population density were the main factors influencing RVF distribution in the region. From the risk maps generated, we infer that, without regulations, this disease might establish itself across more extensive areas in the region, including most of Rwanda and Burundi. The ongoing trade between East African countries and changing climates could intensify RVF spread into new geographic extents with suitable habitats for the important zoonosis. The predicted suitable areas for RVF in eastern Kenya, southern Tanzania, and Somalia overlaps to a large extent where cattle keeping and pastoralism are highly practiced, thereby signifying the urgency to manage and control the disease. This work validates RVF outbreak cases effectiveness to map the diseases distribution, thus contributing to enhanced ecological modeling and improved disease tracking and control efforts in East Africa.

ecology↗