Biology subjects

Wayne, E. C.

Publications and source records attributed to Wayne, E. C..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Bi-directional communication between monocytes and trophoblasts under hypoxia and hypoxia-reperfusion conditions

IntroductionPregnancy-related disorders such as preeclampsia are associated with syncytiotrophoblast (STB) stress and monocyte dysregulation. It remains unclear whether this stress derives from prolonged placental hypoxia or a hypoxia-reperfusion-type injury. Thus, this study investigated how these two models of STB stress impact trophoblast-monocyte interactions. MethodCobalt chloride chemically induced hypoxia in BeWo b30 cells. A transwell coculture system was used to examine trophoblast-monocyte signaling. qPCR quantified gene expression changes following coculture. Monocyte phagocytosis of E. Coli or adhesion to placental cells was determined via flow cytometry. Monocyte migration to placental signals was quantified using a cell counter. ResultsCobalt chloride induced a hypoxic state in BeWo b30s. Reperfusion restored the expression of indirect hypoxia genes and ER stress genes. Coculturing THP-1 monocytes with normoxic, hypoxic, and hypoxic-reperfused BeWo b30s promoted b30 survival but not wound-healing capacity. Compared to hypoxic-reperfused BeWos, hypoxic cells increased monocyte adhesion and inflammatory gene expression, decreased monocyte phagocytosis, and did not change monocyte migration. Finally, placental signaling in early-onset PE decreased monocyte chemotaxis, but monocyte precondition more strongly influenced migration compared to placental state. DiscussionOverall, hypoxic placental signals most effectively recapitulate monocyte functional behavior observed in preeclampsia. Further research is needed to understand spatial and temporal changes in monocyte-trophoblast interactions and pregnancy outcomes. Monocyte chemotaxis to primary placental signals varied by gestational age, maternal diagnosis, and monocyte condition, implying monocytes could be used as functional biomarkers to predict their behavior at the maternal-fetal interface as well as the onset of disease. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=79 SRC="FIGDIR/small/558721v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (24K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15dae34org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@157dec7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e2db81org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b90ab6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2023

Meta-analysis of macrophage nanoparticle targeting across blood and solid tumors using an eLDA Topic modeling Machine Learning approach

The role of macrophages in regulating the tumor microenvironment has spurned the exponential generation of nanoparticle targeting technologies. With the large amount of literature and the speed at which it is generated it is difficult to remain current with the most up-to-date literature. In this study we performed a topic modeling analysis of the most common usages of nanoparticle targeting of macrophages in solid tumors. The data spans 20 years of literature, providing an extensive meta-analysis of the nanoparticle strategies. Our topic model found 6 distinct topics: Immune and TAMs, Nanoparticles, Imaging, Gene Delivery and Exosomes, Vaccines, and Multi-modal Therapies. We also found distinct nanoparticle usage, tumor types, and therapeutic trends across these topics. Moreover, we established that the topic model could be used to assign new papers into the existing topics, thereby creating a Living Review. This type of meta-analysis provides a useful assessment tool for aggregating data about a large field.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2023

Nanoparticle endocytosis is driven by monocyte phenotype rather than nanoparticle size under high shear flow conditions

Monocytes are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system involved in pathogen clearance and nanoparticle pharmacokinetics. Monocytes play a critical role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and, recently, in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. While studies have investigated the effect of nanoparticle modulation on monocyte uptake, their capacity for nanoparticle clearance is poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the impact of ACE2 deficiency, frequently observed in individuals with cardiovascular complications, on monocyte nanoparticle endocytosis. Moreover, we investigated nanoparticle uptake as a function of nanoparticle size, physiological shear stress, and monocyte phenotype. Our Design of Experiment (DOE) analysis found that the THP-1 ACE2- cells showed a greater preference for 100nm particles under atherosclerotic conditions than THP-1 wild-type cells. Observing how nanoparticles can modulate monocytes in the context of disease can inform precision dosing.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2023

Measuring and Modeling Macrophage Growth using a Lab-on-CMOS Capacitance Sensing Microsystem

We report on the use of a lab-on-CMOS biosensor platform for quantitatively tracking the growth of RAW 264.7 murine Balb/c macrophages. We show that macrophage growth over a wide sensing area correlates linearly with an average capacitance growth factor resulting from capacitance measurements at a plurality of electrodes dispersed in the sensing area. We further show a temporal model that captures the cell evolution in the area of interest over long periods (e.g., 30 hours). The model links the cell numbers and the average capacitance growth factor associated with the sensing area to describe the observed growth kinetics.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2022

TCID50 Measurements of anti-viral efficacy on metal printed masks and plastic surfaces

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a need for effective personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent viral spread. PPE like face masks contain the spread of virus-filled droplets and thus reduce infection rates, has been a critical tool in stopping the spread of SARS-CoV-2. PET plastic barriers have also been used in public settings to reduce face to face viral transmission. However, in some cases, they have provided additional contact with the virus due to contamination. In order study, we evaluated the effectiveness of face masks and PET plastics coated in different metals in reducing viral load. We compared PPE printed with silver, copper, or zinc for their ability to inactivate live human coronavirus HCoV 229E. Our results show that silver and copper have significant anti-viral efficacy when printed on nonwoven fabric compared to the controls. The metal-printed PET showed around 70% anti-viral efficacy with any formulations, with copper performing the best. This work builds more data to support the development of metal printed materials for enhanced protection against coronaviruses.

bioengineering↗