Biology subjects

Vu, L. T.

Publications and source records attributed to Vu, L. T..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

A novel regulatory pathway recognizes and degrades transcripts with long 3' untranslated regions

Quantitative control of gene expression is fundamental to cellular function, and post-transcriptional regulation is a consequential, additional layer of control over protein output. Within mammalian mRNAs, the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) acts as a hub of regulatory control, typically mediated by regulatory sequence elements within the 3'UTR. We have found that expression from transcripts with long 3'UTRs is strongly repressed compared to those with short 3'UTRs, and this phenomenon appears to be independent of sequence elements within the 3'UTR. The repression increases with 3'UTR length and is substantial; reporters with 2,000 nucleotide long 3'UTRs are repressed >10-fold compared to 400 nucleotide 3'UTRs. Conversely, increasing the length of the coding region has no effect on expression, demonstrating that it is 3'UTR length, not transcript length, that elicits repression. Reporters with different length 3'UTRs show no difference in transcription rates nor translation efficiency but have clear differences in mRNA half-lives and nucleocytoplasmic distribution, indicating repression of long-3'UTR transcripts is mediated by accelerated RNA decay. However, this transcript degradation does not involve the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway nor other canonical RNA decay pathways. In order to identify trans factors involved in 3'UTR-length-mediated decay, we quantified the differences in proteins bound to reporters with long and short 3'UTRs, and identified over 100 differentially associated factors. Knockdowns of two differentially associating proteins, the mRNA nuclear export factors DDX39B and ZC3H11A, indicate they play a role in repression of mRNAs with long 3'UTRs. This study establishes a novel length-dependent regulatory feature of 3'UTRs, which potentially regulates many genes.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2022

Single-cell transcriptomics of the immune system in ME/CFS at baseline and following symptom provocation

ME/CFS is a serious and poorly understood disease. To understand immune dysregulation in ME/CFS, we used single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to examine immune cells in cohorts of patients and controls. Post-exertional malaise (PEM), an exacerbation of symptoms following strenuous exercise, is a characteristic symptom of ME/CFS. Thus, to detect changes coincident with PEM, we also performed scRNA-seq on the same cohorts following exercise. At baseline, ME/CFS patients displayed dysregulation of classical monocytes suggestive of inappropriate differentiation and migration to tissue. We were able to identify both diseased and more normal monocytes within patients, and the fraction of diseased cells correlated with metrics of disease severity. Comparing the transcriptome at baseline and post-exercise challenge, we discovered patterns indicative of improper platelet activation in patients, with minimal changes elsewhere in the immune system. Taken together, these data identify immunological defects present at baseline in patients and an additional layer of dysregulation following exercise. HighlightsME/CFS is a debilitating disease with unknown causes. Here, we provide, for the first time, an extensive single cell resolution dataset detailing the gene expression programs of circulating immune cells of ME/CFS cases at baseline and after symptom provocation. We were able to detect robust dysregulation in certain immune cells from patients, with dysregulation of classical monocytes manifesting the strongest signal. Indeed, the fraction of aberrant monocytes in ME/CFS patients correlated with the degree of disease severity. Surprisingly, platelet transcriptomes were also altered in ME/CFS, and they were the only component of the immune system that showed large-scale changes following symptom provocation.

immunology↗