Biology subjects

Vitasse, Y.

Publications and source records attributed to Vitasse, Y..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Genetic and plastic effects on trait variability in two major tree species: insights from common garden experiments across Europe

Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation are key mechanisms that enable species to respond to changing environments. Tree traits do not vary independently but rather in coordination. However, our understanding of whether functional traits are governed by the same mechanism is far from complete. Thus, we aim at assessing the drivers of trait variability of sessile oak and European beech provenances across their distribution ranges. We estimated growth-related and leaf morphological traits from 9 and 11 provenances of oak and beech, respectively, grown in four different common gardens distributed across their respective distribution areas. Overall, phenotypic plasticity played a dominant role in explaining individual trait variability. For most oak traits, variation among provenances and genetically based plasticity were correlated with the climate of origin, whereas fewer significant associations were found for beech. In oak, climate-transfer distance analyses revealed that traits such as DBH, height, specific leaf area, and long-term growth responses to summer temperature decreased when provenances were moved away from their local precipitation regime. In beech, significant climate-transfer distances were fewer and primarily related to temperature-related parameters. These results suggest that natural selection and local adaptation may play a secondary but notable role. The pattern of multi-trait phenotypes indicates that resource-use strategies among provenances covary with the temperatures of origin in both species. The limited genetic responses in beech could hinder its survival if it reaches the boundaries of trait plasticity, while oak may better adjust through adaptation. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in long-lived forest trees.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2023

Chronic warming and dry soils limit carbon uptake and growth despite a longer growing season in beech and oak

Progressively warmer and drier conditions impact tree phenology and carbon cycling with large consequences for forest carbon balance. However, it remains unclear how individual impacts of warming and drier soils differ from their combined one and how species interactions modulate tree responses. Using mesocosms, we assessed the multi-year impact of continuous air warming and lower soil moisture acting alone or combined on phenology, leaf-level photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate concentrations, and aboveground growth of young European beech and Downy oak trees. We further tested how species interactions (monocultures vs. mixtures) modulated these effects. Warming prolonged the growing season of both species but reduced growth for oak. In contrast, lower moisture did not impact phenology but reduced trees assimilation and growth for both species. Combined impacts of warming and drier soils did not differ from single ones. Performances of both species in the mixtures were enhanced compared to the monocultures under extreme conditions. Our work revealed that higher temperature and lower soil moisture have contrasting impacts on phenology vs. leaf-level assimilation and growth, with the former being driven by temperature and the latter by moisture. Furthermore, we show a compensation of the negative impacts of extreme events by tree species interactions.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2022

Tracing the origin of Oriental beech stands across Western Europe and reporting hybridization with European beech - implications for assisted gene flow

Human-aided translocation of individuals within the species range, assisted gene flow (AGF), has been suggested as a climate change mitigation strategy, especially for foundational species, such as forest trees. The benefits and risks of AGF largely depend on the genetic divergence between host and donor populations, their rate and direction of hybridization, and the climate distance that the transfer involves. In this study, we explored the use of Oriental beech (Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientalis), growing from Iran to the Balkans, for AGF in populations of European beech (F. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica), which grow throughout Europe and are increasingly affected by climate warming. Using 16 microsatellite loci and samples from 13 and 6 natural populations of Oriental and European beech, respectively, we identified 5 distinct genetic clusters in Oriental beech with a divergence (FST) of 0.15 to 0.25 from European beech. Using this knowledge, we tracked the origin of 11 Oriental beech stands in Western Europe, some established in the early 1900s. In two stands of Greater Caucasus origin, we additionally genotyped offspring and found evidence for extensive hybridization, with 41.3% and 17.8% of the offspring having a hybrid status. Further, climate data revealed a higher degree of seasonality across the Oriental beech growing sites than across the planting sites in Western Europe, with some sites additionally having a warmer and drier climate. Accordingly, in one of these stands, we found evidence that bud burst of Oriental beech occurs four days earlier than in European beech. These results suggest that AGF of Oriental beech could increase the genetic diversity of European beech stands and may even help the introgression of variants that are more adapted to future climatic conditions. Our study showcases an evaluation of the benefits and risks of AGF and calls for similar studies on other native tree species.

evolutionary biology↗