Biology subjects

Villette, C.

Publications and source records attributed to Villette, C..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Decoupling glycation from mortality: glucose, but not methylglyoxal, reduces survival in zebra finches

Birds provide a unique model for ageing research, with greater longevity and slower senescence compared to mammals of similar body size, despite a higher mass-adjusted metabolic rate and blood glucose levels than other vertebrate groups. While the effects of glucose, glycation, and advanced glycation end-products (AGE) on ageing are well-documented in biomedical research, their impact on avian physiology and ageing remains poorly understood. Although birds may possess adaptations mitigating the potential detrimental effects of glucose, elevated glucose still predicts reduced lifespan, and protein glycation varies with age and can influence survival and some fitness-related traits, implying that glycation or AGE accumulation may have relevant effects on avian longevity. In this study, we experimentally investigated how one year of dietary supplementation with glucose or methylglyoxal affects survival and physiology (metabolic rate, flying performance, and beak coloration) in captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). We reveal a significant increase in mortality exclusively in glucose-supplemented birds, with also an elevated albumin glycation rate and AGE formation. However, these variables did not directly explain the increased mortality, which was also absent in methylglyoxal-treated individuals, despite similar AGE accumulation. Additionally, we observed some other effects, like an age-related constraint on seasonal metabolic adjustment, a treatment-influenced age decline in secondary sexual traits expression, and a decline in flight performance during the peak mortality period, suggesting a broader deterioration of health. Thus, although we demonstrate glucose supplementation to be more deleterious than methylglyoxal, the underlying mechanisms for the increase in mortality induced by the treatment remain unresolved.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2024

Rice JASMONIC ACID OXIDASES (OsJAO) control resting jasmonate metabolism to promote development and repress basal immune responses

Recent research has established that catabolic conversions within the jasmonate pathway have significant consequences on hormone signaling output. In dicotyledonous plants, the jasmonic acid oxidase (JAO) catabolic route is endowed with a regulatory function by diverting jasmonic acid (JA) towards hydroxylation, at the expense of its conjugation into the bioactive jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) hormone. Here we functionally characterized the JAO pathway in rice (Oryza sativa) and demonstrate its prevalent function in promoting growth and attenuating JA responses in vegetative tissues. The rice genome contains four JAO-related homologs of which three generated hydroxy-JA in vitro and reverted the high defense phenotype when expressed in the Arabidopsis jao2-2 mutant. By generating and analyzing a series of single to quadruple rice jao mutants, we show the incremental effect of gradual JAO depletion on JA metabolism, basal defense levels, growth inhibition, fitness and global metabolic reprogramming. JAO-deficient lines were significantly growth-retarded at the juvenile stage, while recovering a near wild-type vegetative development after three months, where they exhibited a enhanced resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of fungal blast disease. Our findings identify the JAO pathway as an integral component of rice JA homeostasis and an important determinant of the growth-defense tradeoff. They demonstrate its conserved regulatory function in monocots and open possibilities for modulating selectively basal JA responses in a major cereal crop. Natural variation in JAO activity could also be explored as a mechanism underlying varying levels of JA signaling output in rice.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Evolutionary metabolomics of specialized metabolism diversification in the genus Nicotiana highlights allopolyploidy-mediated innovations in N-acylnornicotine metabolism

Specialized metabolite (SM) diversification is a core process to plants adaptation to diverse ecological niches. Here we implemented a computational mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics approach to explore SM diversification in tissues of 20 species covering Nicotiana phylogenetics sections. To drastically increase metabolite annotation, we created a large in silico fragmentation database, comprising more than 1 million structures, and scripts for connecting class prediction to consensus substructures. Altogether, the approach provides an unprecedented cartography of SM diversity and section-specific innovations in this genus. As a case-study, and in combination with NMR and MS imaging, we explored the distribution of N-acyl nornicotines, alkaloids predicted to be specific to Repandae allopolyploids, and revealed their prevalence in the genus, albeit at much lower magnitude, as well as a greater structural diversity than previously thought. Altogether, the novel data integration approaches provided here should act as a resource for future research in plant SM evolution. TeaserComputational metabolomics delineates main trends in the diversification of specialized metabolism in the genus Nicotiana

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Social environment and chronological age shape eusocial insect species: the case of the ant workers.

Position within the social group has consequences on individual lifespans in diverse taxa. This is especially obvious in eusocial insects, where workers differ in both the tasks they perform and their aging rates. However, in eusocial wasps, bees and ants, the performed task usually depends strongly on age. As such, untangling the effects of social role and age on worker physiology is a key step towards understanding the coevolution of sociality and aging. We performed an experimental protocol that allowed a separate analysis of these two factors using four groups of black garden ant (Lasius niger) workers: young foragers, old foragers, young nest workers, and old nest workers. We highlighted age-related differences in the proteome and metabolome of workers that were primarily related to worker subcaste and only secondarily to age. The relative abundance of proteins and metabolites suggests an improved xenobiotic detoxification, and a fuel metabolism based more on lipid use than carbohydrate use in young ants, regardless of their social role. Regardless of age, proteins related to the digestive function were more abundant in nest workers than in foragers. Old foragers were mostly characterized by weak abundances of molecules with an antibiotic activity or involved in chemical communication. Finally, our results suggest that even in tiny species, extended lifespan may require to mitigate cancer risks. This is consistent with results found in eusocial rodents and thus opens up the discussion of shared mechanisms among distant taxa and the influence of sociality on life history traits such as longevity.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2021

Unravelling the puzzle of anthranoids metabolism in living plant cells using spectral imaging coupled to mass spectrometry

Vismione H (VH) is a fluorescent prenylated anthranoid produced by plants from the Hypericaceae family, with antiprotozoal activities against malaria and leishmaniosis. Little is known about its biosynthesis and metabolism in plants or its mode of action against parasites. When VH is isolated from Psorospermum glaberrimum, it is rapidly converted into madagascine anthrone and anthraquinone, which are characterized by markedly different fluorescent properties. To locate the fluorescence of VH in living plant cells and discriminate it from that of the other metabolites, an original strategy combining spectral imaging (SImaging), confocal microscopy and non-targeted metabolomics using mass spectrometry, was developed. Besides VH, structurally related molecules including madagascine, emodin, quinizarin as well as lapachol and fraxetin were analyzed. This strategy readily allowed a spatiotemporal characterization and discrimination of spectral fingerprints from anthranoids-derived metabolites and related complexes with cations and proteins. In addition, our study validates the capability of plant cells to metabolize VH into madagascine anthrone, anthraquinones and unexpected metabolites, leading to new hypotheses on the metabolism of anthranoids in plants.

plant biology↗