Biology subjects

Van Erp, T. G. M.

Publications and source records attributed to Van Erp, T. G. M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Alterations in grey matter structure linked to frequency-specific cortico-subcortical connectivity in schizophrenia via multimodal data fusion

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder that is currently defined by symptomatic and behavioral, rather than biological, criteria. Neuroimaging is an appealing avenue for SZ biomarker development, as several neuroimaging-based studies comparing individuals with SZ to healthy controls (HC) have shown measurable group differences in brain structure, as well as functional brain alterations in both static and dynamic functional network connectivity (sFNC and dFNC, respectively). The recently proposed filter-banked connectivity (FBC) method extends the standard dFNC sliding-window approach to estimate FNC within an arbitrary number of distinct frequency bands. The initial implementation used a set of filters spanning the full connectivity spectral range, providing a unified approach to examine both sFNC and dFNC in a single analysis. Initial FBC results found that individuals with SZ spend more time in a less structured, more disconnected low-frequency (i.e., static) FNC state than HC, as well as preferential SZ occupancy in high-frequency connectivity states, suggesting a frequency-specific component underpinning the functional dysconnectivity observed in SZ. Building on these findings, we sought to link such frequency-specific patterns of FNC to covarying data-driven structural brain networks in the context of SZ. Specifically, we employ a multi-set canonical correlation analysis + joint independent components analysis (mCCA + jICA) data fusion framework to study the connection between grey matter volume (GMV) maps and FBC states across the full connectivity frequency spectrum. Our multimodal analysis identified two joint sources that captured co-varying patterns of frequency-specific functional connectivity and alterations in GMV with significant group differences in loading parameters between the SZ group and HC. The first joint source linked frequency-modulated connections between the subcortical and sensorimotor networks and GMV alterations in the frontal and temporal lobes, while the second joint source identified a relationship between low-frequency cerebellar-sensorimotor connectivity and structural changes in both the cerebellum and motor cortex. Together, these results show a strong connection between cortico-subcortical functional connectivity at both high and low frequencies and alterations in cortical GMV that may be relevant to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of SZ.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Canonical and Replicable Multi-Scale Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in 100k+ Resting-State fMRI Datasets

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has shown considerable promise for improving our understanding of brain function and characterizing various mental and cognitive states in the healthy and disordered brain. However, the lack of accurate and precise estimations of comparable functional patterns across datasets, individuals, and ever-changing brain states in a way that captures both individual variation and inter-subject correspondence limits the clinical utility of rsfMRI and its application to single-subject analyses. We posit that using reliable network templates and advanced group-informed network estimation approaches to accurately and precisely obtain individualized (dynamic) networks that retain cross-subject correspondence while maintaining subject-specific information is one potential solution to overcome the aforementioned barrier when considering cross-study comparability, independence of subject-level estimates, the limited data available in single studies, and the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of rsfMRI. Toward this goal, we first obtained a reliable and replicable network template. We combined rsfMRI data of over 100k individuals across private and public datasets and selected around 58k that meet quality control (QC) criteria. We then applied multi-model-order independent component analysis (ICA) and subsampling to obtain reliable canonical intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) across multiple spatial scales. The selected ICNs (i.e., network templates) were also successfully replicated by independently analyzing the data that did not pass the QC criteria, highlighting the robustness of our adaptive template to data quality. We next studied the feasibility of estimating the corresponding subject-specific ICNs using a multivariate-spatially constrained ICA as an example of group-informed network estimation approaches. The results highlight that several factors, including ICNs themselves, data length, and spatial resolution, play key roles in successfully estimating the ICNs at the subject level. Large-scale ICNs, in general, require less data to achieve a specific level of spatial similarity with their templates (as well as within- and between-subject spatial similarity). Moreover, increasing data length can reduce an ICNs subject-level specificity, suggesting longer scans might not always be desirable. We also show spatial smoothing can alter results, and the positive linear relationship we observed between data length and spatial smoothness (we posit that it is at least partially due to averaging over intrinsic dynamics or individual variation) indicates the importance of considering this factor in studies such as those focused on optimizing data length. Finally, the consistency in the spatial similarity between ICNs estimated using the full-length of data and subset of it across different data lengths may suggest that the lower within-subject spatial similarity in shorter data lengths is not necessarily only defined by lower reliability in ICN estimates; rather, it can also be an indication of brain dynamics (i.e., different subsets of data may reflect different ICN dynamics), and as we increase the data length, the result approaches the average (also known as static) ICN pattern, and therefore loses its distinctiveness.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Moving Beyond the 'CAP' of the Iceberg: Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in fMRI are Continuously Engaging and Overlapping

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is currently the mainstay of functional neuroimaging and has allowed researchers to identify intrinsic connectivity networks (aka functional networks) at different spatial scales. However, little is known about the temporal profiles of these networks and whether it is best to model them as continuous phenomena in both space and time or, rather, as a set of temporally discrete events. Both categories have been supported by series of studies with promising findings. However, a critical question is whether focusing only on time points presumed to contain isolated neural events and disregarding the rest of the data is missing important information, potentially leading to misleading conclusions. In this work, we argue that brain networks identified within the spontaneous blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal are not limited to temporally sparse burst moments and that these event present time points (EPTs) contain valuable but incomplete information about the underlying functional patterns. We focus on the default mode and show evidence that is consistent with its continuous presence in the BOLD signal, including during the event absent time points (EATs), i.e., time points that exhibit minimum activity and are the least likely to contain an event. Moreover, our findings suggest that EPTs may not contain all the available information about their corresponding networks. We observe distinct default mode connectivity patterns obtained from all time points (AllTPs), EPTs, and EATs. We show evidence of robust relationships with schizophrenia symptoms that are both common and unique to each of the sets of time points (AllTPs, EPTs, EATs), likely related to transient patterns of connectivity. Together, these findings indicate the importance of leveraging the full temporal data in functional studies, including those using event-detection approaches.

neuroscience↗