Biology subjects

Unsal, H. S.

Publications and source records attributed to Unsal, H. S..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Prolonged developmental programming of somatostatin neurons defines adolescent remodeling of the prelimbic, but not barrel, cortex

Higher order association cortices like the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mature over a longer developmental window than sensory cortices, but whether genetically defined interneuron populations follow this region-wide delayed trajectory remains unclear. We compared the postnatal development of somatostatin-expressing interneurons in a higher-order cortical region (prelimbic cortex; PLC) and a sensory cortical region (somatosensory barrel cortex; S1BF) across adolescence using complementary structural, electrophysiological, and circuit analyses. We found that the maturation of SST neurons within these two cortical regions differs across time. S1BF SST neurons exhibited relatively linear maturation, whereas PLC SST neurons underwent continued dendritic remodeling, nonlinear intrinsic maturation, and age-dependent refinement of inhibitory output onto pyramidal neurons. Multivariate analyses likewise supported a more linear developmental trajectory in S1BF and a more prolonged, heterogeneous trajectory in PLC. This suggests divergent maturation of the PLC and S1BF and supports a broader, longer window of critical cellular plasticity in the PLC than in sensory cortices. Together, this reflects an extended developmental program at the level of a genetically defined inhibitory cell type. Because SST neurons are positioned to regulate pyramidal neuron output via control of dendritic integration, their delayed maturation is a crucial reflection of overall circuit function. These findings provide a cellular framework for the prolonged plasticity and developmental vulnerability known to be characteristic of adolescent prelimbic cortex. Significance statementWithin the brain, higher order association cortex remains plastic long after sensory cortex has matured, but the cellular basis for this prolonged developmental window has remained unknown. We find that developmental timing is encoded within genetically defined microcircuits. Prelimbic somatostatin circuits continue to remodel after sensory somatostatin circuits have largely stabilized through changes in cell shape, action potential firing dynamics, and inhibitory signaling. This work points to a specific prelimbic inhibitory cell type that matures more slowly, and less linearly, than its counterparts in other brain regions, and may help explain why prelimbic circuits remain vulnerable during adolescence, representing a biological substrate for extended adolescent remodeling in prelimbic cortex, and potentially the overall extensive flexibility, but also cognitive susceptibility, seen during adolescence.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Dissecting the strain and sex specific connectome signatures of unanesthetized C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice using magnetic resonance imaging

Mouse models are an essential tool for understanding behavior and disease states in neuroscience research. While genetic and sex-specific effects have been reported in many neurodegenerative and psychiatric illnesses, these factors may also alter baseline neuroanatomical features of mice. This raises the question of whether the observed changes are related to the disease being studied (i.e., pathological differences) or if there are baseline strain or sex differences that may potentially predispose animals to different responses. Over the past decade, tremendous effort has been made in mapping neural architecture at various scales; however, the complex relationships including identifying genetic and sex-specific differences in brain structure and function remain understudied. To bridge this gap, we used C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, two of the most widely used inbred mouse strains in neuroscience research, to investigate strain and sex-specific features of the brain connectome in awake animals using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By combining resting-state fMRI and diffusion MRI, we found that the motor, sensory, limbic, and salience networks exhibit significant differences in both functional and structural domains between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Further, functional and structural properties of the brain were significantly correlated in both strains. Our results underscore the importance of considering these baseline differences when interpreting the brain-behavior interactions in mouse models of human disorders.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Adolescent alcohol consumption alters sex-specific behaviors associated with prefrontal functional connectivity in mice

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is one of the last brain regions to fully mature, making it particularly sensitive to drug use early in life. Both human and rodent studies find long-lasting behavioral changes after adolescent alcohol exposure that implicate underlying disruptions in PFC development, including structural abnormalities and altered brain functional connectivity. Few rodent studies have been conducted to understand the network-level implications of these disruptions. We assessed how adolescent binge-like alcohol consumption in a drinking in the dark (DID) model affected adult alcohol consumption, behavioral exploration, and brain-wide functional connectivity in mice. Approximately one month after the conclusion of DID, only female mice exposed to alcohol during adolescence exhibited aversion-resistant alcohol preference in adulthood. Adult females exhibited additional sex-specific changes in exploratory behavior in the elevated plus maze after adolescent alcohol consumption. Resting state neuroimaging revealed sex-specific changes in prefrontal cortical connections with sensory motor, hippocampal, striatal, and other networks, providing insights into the putative systems underlying deficits caused by adolescent alcohol exposure. Critically, our data corroborate a growing body of literature in human and rodent studies demonstrating that adolescent alcohol use may increase risk for adult alcohol use more strongly in females. Finally, we identify neural correlates of this effect that include both known and novel neural networks and tie these back to human datasets, allowing biological and mechanistic targets to be further explored for future study and interventions.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice

In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drives vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes. Significance StatementIn the adult brain, increases in neural activity are often followed by vasodilation, allowing activity to be monitored using optical or magnetic resonance imaging. However, in neonates, sensory stimulation can drive vasoconstriction, whose origin was not understood. We used optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches to investigate hemodynamics in neonatal mice. We found that sensory-induced vasoconstriction occurred when the mice were asleep, as sleep is associated with dilation of the vasculature of the brain relative to the awake state. The stimulus awakens the mice, causing a constriction due to the arousal state change. Our study shows the importance of monitoring arousal state, particularly when investigating subjects that may sleep, and the dominance arousal effects on brain hemodynamics.

neuroscience↗