Biology subjects

Trivedi, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Trivedi, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

The CATP-8/P5A-type ATPase functions in multiple pathways during neuronal patterning

The assembly of neuronal circuits involves the migrations of neurons from their place of birth to their final location in the nervous system, as well as the coordinated growth and patterning of axons and dendrites. In screens for genes required for patterning of the nervous system, we identified the catp-8/P5A-ATPase as an important regulator of neural patterning. P5A-ATPases are part of the P-type ATPases, a family of proteins known to serve a conserved function as transporters of ions, lipids and polyamines in unicellular eukaryotes, plants, and humans. While the function of many P-type ATPases is relatively well understood, the function of P5A-ATPases in metazoans remained elusive. We show here, that the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog catp-8/P5A-ATPase is required for specific aspects of nervous system development. Specifically, the catp-8/P5A-ATPase serves functions in shaping the elaborately sculpted dendritic trees of somatosensory PVD neurons. Moreover, catp-8/P5A-ATPase is required for axonal guidance and repulsion at the midline, as well as embryonic and postembryonic neuronal migrations. Interestingly, not all axons at the midline require catp-8/P5A-ATPase, although the axons run in the same fascicles and navigate the same space. Similarly, not all neuronal migrations require catp-8/P5A-ATPase. A CATP-8/P5A-ATPase reporter is localized to the ER in most if not all tissues and catp-8/P5A-ATPase can function both cell-autonomously and non-autonomously to regulate neuronal development. Genetic analyses establish that catp-8/P5A-ATPase can function in multiple pathways, including the Menorin pathway, previously shown to control dendritic patterning in PVD, and Wnt signaling, which functions to control neuronal migrations. Lastly, we show that catp-8/P5A-ATPase is required for localizing select transmembrane proteins necessary for dendrite morphogenesis. Collectively, our studies suggest that catp-8/P5A-ATPase serves diverse, yet specific roles in different genetic pathways, and may be involved in the regulation or localization of transmembrane proteins to specific subcellular compartments. AUTHOR SUMMARYP-type ATPases are a large family of transporters that are conserved from unicellular eukaryotes and plants to metazoans. Structurally and functionally, they fall into five subfamilies, P1 to P5, of which the latter is further divided into P5A and P5B-type ATPases. Unlike for other P-type ATPases, no mutant phenotypes for the P5A-type ATPases have been described in metazoans. Here, we show that the catp-8/P5A-ATPase in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is involved in multiple aspects of neuronal patterning, including neuronal migrations as well as axon guidance and dendrite patterning. A functional fluorescent reporter fusion shows the CATP-8/P5A-ATPase is expressed in most, if not all, tissues in the endoplasmic reticulum and catp-8 can function both in neurons and surrounding tissues from where it orchestrates neuronal development. Genetically, catp-8 acts in multiple pathways during these processes, including the Wnt signaling and the Menorin pathway. Imaging studies suggest that the catp-8/P5A-ATPase is necessary for proper localization of cell-surface transmembrane molecules to dendrites of sensory neurons, but likely not for their trafficking. In summary, we propose that CATP-8/P5A-ATPase serves a function in the ER during development of select neurons, by localizing certain transmembrane, and possibly, secreted proteins

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Convergent evolution of resistance pathways during early stage breast cancer treatment with combination cell cycle (CDK) and endocrine inhibitors

Combining cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors with endocrine therapy improves outcomes for metastatic estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2 negative, breast cancer patients. However, the value of this combination in potentially curable earlier stage patients is not clear. Using single cell transcriptomic profiling, we examined the evolutionary trajectories of early stage breast cancer tumors using serial tumor biopsies from a clinical trial of preoperative endocrine therapy (letrozole) alone or in combination with the cell cycle inhibitor ribociclib. Applying hierarchical regression and Gaussian process mathematical modelling, we classified each tumor by whether it shrinks or persists with therapy and determined cancer phenotypes related to evolution of resistance and cell cycle transcriptional rewiring. We found that all patients tumors undergo subclonal evolution during therapy, irrespective of the clinical response. However, tumors subjected to endocrine therapy alone showed reduced diversity over time, while those facing combination therapy exhibited increased diversity. Despite different subclonal diversity, single nuclei RNA sequencing uncovered common phenotypic changes in tumor cells that persist following treatment. In these tumors, cancer cells with accelerated loss of estrogen signaling have convergent up-regulation of the JNK pathway, while cells that maintain estrogen signaling during therapy show potentiation of CDK4/6 activation consistent with ERBB4 and ERK signaling up-regulation. These convergent phenotypes were associated with growing tumors resistant to combination therapy. Cell cycle reconstruction identified that these tumors can rebound during combination therapy treatment, indicating stronger selection and promotion of a proliferative state. These results indicate that combination therapy in early stage ER+ breast cancers with ER and CDK inhibition drives rapid evolution of resistance via a shift from estrogen signaling to alternative growth factor receptor mediated proliferation and JNK signaling activation, concordant with a bypass in the G1 checkpoint.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Reconstructing tumor trajectories during therapy through integration of multiple measurement modalities.

BackgroundAccurately determining changes in tumor size during therapy is essential to evaluating response or progression. However, individual imaging methodologies often poorly reflect pathologic response and long-term treatment efficacy in patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) early-stage breast cancer. Mathematical models that measure tumor progression over time by integrating diverse imaging and tumor measurement modalities are not currently used but could increase accuracy in measuring response and provide biological insights into cancer evolution. MethodsFor ER+ breast cancer patients enrolled on a neoadjuvant clinical trial, we reconstructed their tumor size trajectories during therapy by combining all available information on tumor size, including different imaging modalities, physical examinations and pathological assessment data. Tumor trajectories during six months of treatment were generated, using a Gaussian process and the most probable trajectories were evaluated, based on clinical data, using measurement models that account for biases and differences in precision between tumor measurement methods, such as MRI, ultrasound and mammograms. ResultsReconstruction of tumor trajectories during treatment identified five distinct patterns of tumor size changes, including rebound growth not evident from any single modality. These results increase specificity to distinguish innate or acquired resistance compared to using any single measurement alone. The speed of therapeutic response and extent of subsequent rebound tumor growth quantify sensitivity or resistance in this patient population. ConclusionsTumor trajectory reconstruction integrating multiple modalities of tumor measurement accurately describes tumor progression on therapy and reveals various patterns of patient responses. Mathematical models can integrate diverse response assessments and account for biases in tumor measurement, thereby providing insights into the timing and rate at which resistance emerges.

systems biology↗