Biology subjects

Tomatsu, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Tomatsu, S..

6 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Synthetic analogue of adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH(4-7)PGP delays neurological manifestations in diseases of mucopolysaccharidosis III spectrum by reducing neuroinflammation and rescuing neurotransmission, synaptogenesis, and axonal demyelination

Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III or Sanfilippo disease) is a spectrum of 4 genetic disorders (MPS IIIA-D), caused by defects in the genes SGSH, NAGLU, HGSNAT and GNS encoding enzymes involved in degradation of heparan sulfate (HS). HS accumulates in brain tissues and causes neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration leading to neuropsychiatric problems, developmental delays, childhood dementia, blindness and death during the second decade of life. Previously, we demonstrated that pathophysiological mechanisms, underlying MPS IIIC in mouse models, involves functional pathological changes, affecting synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission and leading to learning and memory deficits. These results suggested that a treatment for MPS III could be developed by using compounds inducing synaptogenesis. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of a synthetic peptide ACTH(4-7)PGP, an analog of adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment, previously used as a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory medication for treatment of acute neurological conditions, including stroke. We show that intranasal administration of ACTH(4-7)PGP restores defective synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons of MPS IIIA and MPS IIIC mouse models and rescues the decrease in synaptic proteins in cultured MPS IIIC mouse hippocampal neurons and iPSC-derived neurons of human MPS IIIA, MPS IIIB and MPS IIIC patients. Furthermore, daily intranasal administration of ACTH(4-7)PGP to MPS IIIC and MPS IIIA mice reduces hyperactivity and rescues defects in working and spatial memory, delays progression of CNS pathology including neuroinflammation and axonal demyelination, and increases the lifespan. Together with the absence of any adverse reactions to ACTH(4-7)PGP in the MPS III and WT mice, our results justify testing the drugs efficacy in clinical settings.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2025

Mono-allelic p.R37H Dehydrodolichyl Diphosphate Synthase variants lead to protein glycosylation defects, aberrant lipid profiles and interneuron scarcity in a novel mouse model of progressive epileptic encephalopathy.

Developmental delay and seizures with or without movement abnormalities (OMIM 617836) caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the DHDDS gene (DHDDS-CDG) is a rare genetic disease that belongs to the progressive encephalopathy spectrum. It results in cognitive delay in affected children, accompanied by myoclonus, seizures, ataxia and tremor, which worsens over time. DHDDS encodes a subunit of a DHDDS/NUS1 cis-prenyltransferase (cis-PTase), a branch point enzyme of the mevalonate pathway essential for N-linked glycosylation. We describe the first mouse model of this disease, DhddsR37H+/-strain, heterozygous for the human recurrent de novo c.110G>A:p.R37H pathogenic variant. DhddsR37H+/- mice present with seizures, myoclonus and memory deficits associated with reduced density or/and maturity of inhibitory interneurons in the cortex. Multiomics analyses of mouse CNS tissues, together with the enzymatic/structural characterization of the R37H DHDDS mutant protein, reveal that the variant produces a catalytically inactive enzyme and results in a brain dolichol deficit, aberrant glycosylation of brain glycoproteins, including those involved in synaptic transmission and major perturbations in the CNS proteome and lipidome. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor clinically approved for treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, and intracranial hypertension, and successfully used "off-label" to treat genetic movement disorders, reduces seizure susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol in DhddsR37H+/- mice, suggesting potential therapeutic value of using this drug in human DHDDS-CDG patients. Together, our results define cis-PTase as a master regulator of CNS development and function and establish that its monoallelic debilitating variants cause a novel congenital disorder of glycosylation associated with aberrant levels of neuronal proteins and lipids.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Autogenic spinal excitatory circuit ensures skilled hand movements in primates

Skillful hand movements are a hallmark of primates, including humans, requiring sophisticated motor planning and execution. Challenging the longstanding paradigm that emphasizes the dominance of the cerebral cortex1, our study highlights a pivotal role for spinal excitatory reflex circuits in both planning and executing skillful hand movements. Using a combination of experimental approaches with behaving non-human primates and predictive simulation, we identified a group of excitatory spinal interneurons that orchestrate a closed-loop, positive feedback mechanism during voluntary wrist movements. This mechanism is characterized by a bidirectional interaction between inter-neuronal spiking and muscle activity, mediated by motoneuronal efferent signals and proprioceptive afferent signals from the same agonistic muscles. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the temporal profile of muscle activity during movement execution, including amplitude and duration, is pre-determined during motor planning at the spinal interneurons, functioning as a force-feedback gain within the excitatory circuit. These findings suggest that autogenic spinal excitatory circuits play a predominant role in shaping overall muscle activation during motor execution, provided the proper reflex gain is pre-set by higher neural systems during motor planning. Together, our findings provide a cellular-level perspective on how spinal reflex loops contribute to skilled voluntary movements in primates, extending over a century of spinal reflex research2.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Heterologous HSPC transplantation rescues neuroinflammation and ameliorates peripheral manifestations in the mouse model of lysosomal transmembrane enzyme deficiency, MPS IIIC.

Mucopolysaccharidosis III type C (MPS IIIC) is an untreatable neuropathic lysosomal storage disease caused by a genetic deficiency of the lysosomal N-acetyltransferase, HGSNAT, catalyzing a transmembrane acetylation of heparan sulfate. HGSNAT is a transmembrane enzyme uncapable of free diffusion between the cells and their cross-correction which limits development of therapies based on the enzyme replacement and gene correction. Since our previous work identified neuroinflammation as a hallmark of the CNS pathology in MPS IIIC, we tested whether it can be corrected by replacement of activated brain microglia with neuroprotective macrophages/microglia derived from a heterologous HSPC transplant. Eight-week-old MPS IIIC (HgsnatP304L) mice were transplanted with HSPC from congenic wild type mice after myeloablation with Busulfan and studied by behaviour test battery staring from the age of 6 months. At the age of [~]8 months, mice were sacrificed to study pathological changes in the brain, heparan sulfate storage and other biomarkers of the disease. We found that the treatment corrected several behaviour deficits including hyperactivity and reduction of socialization, but not a memory decline. It also improved several features of CNS pathology such as microastroglyosis, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1{beta}, and accumulation of misfolded amyloid aggregates in cortical neurons. At the periphery, the treatment delayed development of terminal urinary retention, potentially increasing longevity, and reduced blood levels of heparan sulfate. However, we did not observe correction of lysosomal storage phenotype in neurons and heparan sulfate brain levels. Together, our results demonstrate that neuroinflammation in a neurological lysosomal storage disease, caused by defects in a transmembrane enzyme, can be effectively ameliorated by replacement of microglia bearing the genetic defect with the cells from normal healthy donor. They also suggest, that heterologous HSPC transplant, if used together with other methods, such as chaperone therapy or substrate reduction therapy, may constitute an effective combination therapy for MPS IIIC and other disorders with a similar etiology.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2021

Oral Glucosamine Ameliorates Aggravated Neurological Phenotype in Mucopolysaccharidosis III Type C Mouse Model Expressing Misfolded HGSNAT Variant

ObjectiveOver 55% of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC (MPS IIIC) patients have at least one allelic missense variant responsible for misfolding of heparan sulfate acetyl-CoA:-glucosaminide N- acetyltransferase (HGSNAT). These variants are potentially treatable with pharmacological chaperones, such as a competitive HGSNAT inhibitor, glucosamine. Since the constitutive HGSNAT knockout mice, we generated previously cannot be used to test such strategy in vivo, we generated a novel model, the HgsnatP304L strain, expressing misfolded mutant HGSNAT with human missense mutation Pro311Leu (Pro304Leu in the mouse enzyme). ResultsHgsnatP304L mice present deficits in short-term (novel object recognition test) and working/spatial (Y-maze test) memory at 4 months of age, 2-4 months earlier than previously described gene-targeted Hgsnat-Geo mice, which lack HGSNAT protein. HgsnatP304L mice also show increased severity of synaptic deficits in CA1 neurons, and accelerated course of CNS pathology including neuronal storage of heparan sulfate, accumulation of misfolded proteins, increase of simple gangliosides, and neuroinflammation as compared with Hgsnat-Geo mice. Expression of misfolded human Pro311Leu HGSNAT protein in cultured hippocampal Hgsnat- Geo neurons aggravated reduction of synaptic proteins. Memory deficits and majority of pathological changes in the brain were rescued in mice receiving daily doses of oral glucosamine. InterpretationAltogether, our data for the first time demonstrate dominant-negative effects of the misfolded HGSNAT Pro304Leu variant and show that these effects are treatable by oral administration of glucosamine, suggesting that patients, affected with missense mutations preventing normal folding of the enzyme, could benefit from chaperone therapy.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2018

Two distinct proprioceptive representations of voluntary movements in primate spinal neurons

When willingly setting our body in motion, we simultaneously know where and how our limbs are moving. While this indicates that proprioceptive information is readily represented in the neurons of the central nervous system, it is still unclear how. We recorded the activity of spinal neurons with direct projections from muscle spindle afferents in four monkeys, while they performed simple wrist movements. Against the assumption that these spinal neurons act as a simple relay of afferent input, we found the majority (56%) of neurons had firing patterns incongruent with a simple representation of spindle activity, and the minority had congruent patterns. Two groups of neurons showed distinct intrinsic characteristics (spike width, base firing rate and firing irregularity), and distinct control of their input-output gain. These results are the first demonstration that proprioceptive representation is achieved by the coordinated activity of distinct groups of neurons during volitional movement.

neuroscience↗