Biology subjects

Temesgen, A. B.

Publications and source records attributed to Temesgen, A. B..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Haematobiochemical Alterations and Lesion Characterization Induced by Haemonchosis in Sheep Slaughtered at Gondar ELFORA Abattoir, North West Ethiopia

Haemonchosis is a major gastrointestinal parasitic infection in sheep caused by Haemonchus contortus. An abattoir-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2024 to assess the Haematobiochemical alterations and lesion characterization induced by Haemonchosis in sheep slaughtered at the Gondar ELFORA abattoir. The study involved 60 male local breed sheep, divided into 30 infected and 30 non-infected controls. The selection process involved postmortem examination of the abomasum tissues, incision, palpation, and visual inspection. Blood samples were taken for hematology and serum biochemical profiles, and a three cm tissue sample with typical Haemonchus contortus lesions was also taken. The study found significant reductions in hemoglobin, hematocrit, corpuscular volume, hemoglobin, and red blood cell counts in the infected group compared to the non-infected group. However, white blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils were significantly higher in the infected group. Biochemical parameters showed significant reductions in total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin to globulin ratio in the infected group. Erythrocyte indices indicated microcytic normochromic anemia. Gross examination revealed hemorrhages, dark brown abomasal contents, blood streaks, and a nodular lesion. Microscopic analysis revealed tissue-dwelling worms, submucosal hemorrhage, mucosal gland hyperplasia, thickened muscularis, and hyperplastic abomasal glands. The alterations in haematobiochemical parameters support the findings from gross and microscopic lesions. Thus, integrating haematobiochemical analysis with gross and microscopic lesion characterization improves the diagnosis of haemonchosis. Due to hypoproteinemia observed, it is advisable to supplement helminth-infected animals with protein-rich feeds, such as legumes.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2024

Hematobiochemical Alterations and Lesion Characterization Caused by Fasciolosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Gondar ELFORA Abattoir, Ethiopia

Fasciolosis is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. It is a serious public health and veterinary concern, with significant consequences for both human and livestock populations. An abattoir-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2023 at Gondar ELFORA Abattoir, Northwest Ethiopia, to assess hematobiochemical alterations and pathological lesions induced by fasciolosis in slaughtered cattle.The study included one hundred apparently healthy male local-breed cattle, divided into two groups of fifty: one infected and one non-infected. Cattle were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Infected cattle showed significantly lower mean values for hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), lymphocytes, monocytes, total protein, albumin, and glucose compared to non-infected cattle. Conversely, they had higher mean values for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophils, eosinophils, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Basophil levels were similar in both groups. Liver alterations observed in acute fasciolosis included hepatomegaly with rounded edges and the presence of juvenile flukes within the parenchyma, while in chronic fasciolosis, the liver appeared smaller, firm, with a corrugated capsule and dilated bile ducts containing twisted flukes. Microscopically, acute fasciolosis showed eosinophil infiltration, hemosiderin pigmentation, and congestion around the central vein and sinusoids, whereas chronic fasciolosis showed fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, and metaplasia of epithelial cells from columnar to cuboidal. The observed findings indicate a severe hepatic and systemic disease process driven by parasitic infection, resulting in significant compromise of the cattles health. Therefore, regular screening and effective deworming are essential to control bovine fasciolosis, especially in high-risk abattoirs. Hematology and biochemical tests should be part of routine diagnosis for early detection and liver function assessment, while histopathology confirms the infection stage. Enhancing stakeholder awareness and training is vital, and further research on seasonal patterns, risk factors, and drug resistance is needed to improve control strategies.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2024

Prevalence and associated risk factors assessment of bovine fasciolosis in and around Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Cattle are among the most important livestock resources in Ethiopia, contributing significantly to the agricultural economy and rural livelihoods. They provide meat, milk, hides, draft power for crop production, and serve as a major source of income for farmers. Despite their vital role, cattle productivity is often constrained by various diseases, particularly parasitic diseases. One of the most significant of these is bovine fasciolosis, a condition caused by ingestion of metacercariae of liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine fasciolosis in bahir dar, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022. A total of 384 cattle were randomly selected from different locations within the study area. Animals of all age groups and both sexes were included. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of each animal using clean, labeled containers. The samples were examined using standard coprological techniques, specifically the sedimentation method, to detect liver fluke eggs. All findings were recorded, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis was 49.21% (n=189). Based on origin, Sebatamit had the most incidence at 61.84% (n=47), followed by Kebele 11 at 59.37% (n=57), Tikurit at 50% (n=59), and Latammba at 27.65% (n=26). Statistical analysis revealed significant disparities in occurrence among areas. Cattle in poor condition had the largest prevalence (n=80, 64%), followed by medium condition (n=85, 50%) and fat cattle (n=24, 26.96%). This variation was statistically significant. Age-group analysis revealed comparable prevalence rates, with young cattle at 50.38% (n=65), adults at 47.33% (n=71), and elderly cattle at 50.47% (n=53), with no significant differences found. There were no significant sex-related variations in prevalence, with males exhibiting a prevalence of 49.73% (n=93) and females 48.73% (n=96). Local cattle had a slightly higher prevalence (n=111, 51.62%) than crossbreds (n=78, 46.15%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P=.29).These findings underscore the need for targeted, location-specific control strategies and highlight the importance of improved nutritional and health management practices to reduce the burden of fasciolosis in cattle populations.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2024

Prevalence of GIT nematodes and associated risk factors of exotic chickens in selected farm of poultry in and around Ambo, Ethiopia

Poultry are raised worldwide in backyards and commercial systems with fewer social and religious taboos than other livestock. However, the chicken industry faces significant challenges from nematode parasites. A cross-sectional study with a random sampling technique was conducted from April to June 2019 to estimate gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites in chickens in selected farms in and around Ambo, Ethiopia. The fecal analysis results revealed that out of 70 samples collected, 60% were positive for gastrointestinal (GI) nematode eggs. Prevalence varied significantly by body condition, with the highest rates in chickens in poor condition (78.57%), followed by medium (54.54%) and good condition (40%). Location also played a significant role, with Ambo University Poultry Farm having the highest prevalence (83.87%), followed by Abebe Private Farm (55%) and Guder Campus Poultry Farm (26.31%). The main nematode species identified were Ascaridia galli (57.1%) and Heterakis gallinarum (2.9%). Infestation rates differed significantly by sex, age, location, and body condition, with males having higher rates of Ascaridia galli (61.53%) than females (56.14%), and Heterakis gallinarum exclusively affecting females (3.51%). Adults showed significantly higher rates of Ascaridia galli (85.71%) than young chickens (38.09%), with some infestation of Heterakis gallinarum (7.14%) observed in adults but absent in young chickens. This prevalence rate suggests limited awareness among chicken producers and insufficient control strategies in the study area. Hence, implementing targeted control strategies is advisable.

pathology↗