Biology subjects

Soma, F.

Publications and source records attributed to Soma, F..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Multi-omics profiling with indoor-unmanned phenotyping reveals drought adaptation through constitutive ABF1 expression in wild rice

Improving drought resistance is crucial for stable crop production under climate change. Identifying the mechanisms of drought resistance using diverse genetic resources, including crop wild relatives, would be beneficial for molecular breeding. Here, we developed an indoor, unmanned phenotyping platform that can noninvasively and automatically collect temporal data on plant responses to drought stress. Using this system, we analyzed the phenotypic, transcriptomic, and environmental data of four cultivated rice varieties and five wild relatives. Multi-omics analysis revealed that one wild rice species exhibited drought adaptation through the constitutive expression of ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING FACTOR 1 (ABF1), which encodes a transcription factor that regulates drought resistance, before drought stress. Drought testing of introgression lines of cultivated rice with constitutive ABF1 expression revealed higher drought tolerance than in cultivars without a growth penalty. Our findings suggest that constitutive ABF1 expression contributes to drought adaptation in both cultivated and wild rice.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Vertical rooting caused by enhanced functional allele of qSOR1 improves rice yield under drought stress

Drought considerably affects crop productivity, and its severity is being intensified by climate change. Therefore, enhancing drought resistance is a crucial priority in crop breeding for ensuring sustainable agriculture. The root system architecture (RSA) influences the efficiency of water acquisition from land; therefore, a deep RSA is advantageous for avoiding drought stress. Here, we demonstrated that deeper RSA promoted by the qSOR1-v mutant allele (an enhanced functional allele of the quantitative trait locus for SOIL SURFACE ROOTING 1) significantly improves rice yield under drought when compared to the deep RSA achieved through the functional qSOR1 allele that originated from natural variation. The qSOR1-v mutant exhibited stronger root gravitropism than the wild type. This was characterized by a more pronounced polarization of auxin on the lower side during root curvature, leading to a robust vertical rooting phenotype that was consistently expressed across different soil-water environments. Additionally, the qSOR1-v mutation site was well conserved among angiosperm orthologs, and the corresponding mutation in LZY3 of Arabidopsis (qSOR1 ortholog) resulted in a steeper root growth angle. The rice introgression line, which was substituted from the functional qSOR1 allele to qSOR1-v through marker-assisted selection, showed vertical rooting, resulting in increased grain yield in an upland field under drought stress. No yield penalty was observed for this line under well-watered upland conditions than the original variety. These findings highlight the potential of qSOR1-v and corresponding mutations in angiosperm orthologs to promote vertical rooting across plant species, which can help sustain crop yields in drought-prone areas. Significance StatementGenetic modification of the root system architecture in crops represents a viable strategy for the development of climate-resilient crops. This study identified the qSOR1-v allele that consistently demonstrates a vertical rooting phenotype in rice across diverse growth conditions, from dry to wet. The preservation of the qSOR1 and LZY3 orthologs in angiosperms provides opportunities for the development of genotypes characterized by vertical rooting. The introgression of the qSOR1-v allele enhanced drought resistance under upland conditions. These findings underscore the potential of these genetic modifications to improve crop resilience in an era characterized by water scarcity.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Non-destructive real-time monitoring of underground root development with distributed fiber optic sensing

Crop genetic engineering for better root systems can offer practical solutions for food security and carbon sequestration; however, soil layers prevent direct visualization. Here, we demonstrate an original device with a distributed fiber-optic sensor for fully automated, real-time monitoring of underground root development. We demonstrate that spatially encoding an optical fiber with a flexible and durable polymer film in a spiral pattern can significantly enhance sensor detection. After signal processing, the resulting device can detect the penetration of a submillimeter-diameter object in the soil, indicating more than a magnitude higher spatiotemporal resolution than previously reported with underground monitoring techniques. We also developed computational models to visualize the roots of root crops and monocotyledons, and then applied them to radish and rice to compare the results with those of X-ray computed tomography. The devices groundbreaking sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution enable seamless and laborless phenotyping of root systems that are otherwise invisible underground.

plant biology↗