Biology subjects

Smagghe, G.

Publications and source records attributed to Smagghe, G..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Receptor-like kinase RLK15 binds a fungal RNase effector to enhance autophosphorylation and activate host defense

Fungal pathogens secrete diverse effectors to suppress host immunity, yet the plant receptors that perceive these virulence factors often remain elusive. Here, we identify Ss1624, a secreted RNase from the sugarcane smut pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum, and show that it is recognized by the plasma-membrane-localized CrRLK1L-family receptor kinase RLK15. This recognition triggers canonical immune outputs, including reactive oxygen species burst, callose deposition, defense gene activation, and induces hypersensitive cell death. Mechanistically, Ss1624 physically interacts with the receptor-like kinase RLK15, which is required for Ss1624-triggered cell death. Functional assays indicate that this interaction enhances RLK15 autophosphorylation in a kinase activity-dependent manner, suggesting that Ss1624 can act as an elicitor. Transcript profiling further reveals coordinated expression patterns of Ss1624 and RLK15 during infection, and perturbation of Ss1624 expression alters RLK15 transcript levels and pathogenic outcomes. Extending these findings to rice, the ortholog OsRLK15 contributes positively to resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases without yield penalty in rice. Our results support a model in which a secreted RNase effector is directly sensed by a receptor kinase to initiate broad-spectrum immune responses, providing insights into host-pathogen interactions and identifying RLK15 as a candidate for crop improvement.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2021

Preliminary analysis of a neotropical plant extract antiviral potential against Chikungunya and Mayaro viruses

Chikungunya and Mayaro fevers are viral infectious diseases, without vaccine or treatment, that causes fever and arthralgia. Establishing novel antiviral tools capable of preventing or treating Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections are needed. The use of plant-based compounds that affect the replication cycles of these viruses has been proposed as a promising strategy. Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. is a neotropical plant used by Yucatec Mayas traditional healers, mainly, as antipyretic and antirheumatic. To evaluate the potential of C. alba methanolic extracts against CHIKV and MAYV through preliminary analysis in vitro and in silico. The cytotoxicity profile of two C. alba roots methanolic extracts in Vero cells was performed by lysosomal viability using the neutral red assay, and the antiviral potential was determined by plaque assay. We further assessed, through in silico computational predictions, the possible interactions between the active site of the nsP2 proteases of these viruses with some secondary metabolites present in C. alba extracts, identified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Our partial phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, and phenolic acids in the C. alba extracts. Our in vitro assays showed that both C. alba extracts inhibited more than 70% of CHIKV and MAYV activities at 60 {micro}g/mL concentration. Based on our in silico computational predictions, the flavonoids naringin and vitexin showed the greatest affinity energies with the CHIKV and MAYV nsP2 proteases, revealing the great potential of these compounds as viral inhibitors. The findings described here indicates that C. alba extracts, or their secondary metabolites, as a potential source of novel antiviral compounds.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Multiple incursion pathways for Helicoverpa armigera in Brazil show its genetic diversity spreading in a connected world

The Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that the H. armigera spread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central Brazilian H. armigera mtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic and gene flow patterns of this dispersive pest in the agricultural landscape of South America. We show that the spatial distribution of H. armigera mtDNA haplotypes and its inferred gene flow patterns in the southwestern region of South America exhibited signatures inconsistent with a single incursion hypothesis. Simulations on spatial distribution patterns show that the detection of rare and/or the absence of dominant mtDNA haplotypes in southern H. armigera populations are inconsistent with genetic signatures observed in northern and central Brazil. Incursions of H. armigera into the New World are therefore likely to have involved independent events in northern/central Brazil, and southern Brazil/Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay. This study demonstrates the significant biosecurity challenges facing the South American continent, and highlights alternate pathways for introductions of alien species into the New World.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Bioactivity-guided isolation of rosmarinic acid as a principle bioactive compound from the butanol extract of Isodon rugosus against pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Aphids are agricultural pest insects that transmit viruses and cause feeding damage on a global scale. Current pest control involving the excessive use of synthetic insecticides over decades has led to multiple forms of aphid resistance to most classes of insecticides. In nature, plants produce secondary metabolites during their interaction with insects and these metabolites can act as toxicants, antifeedants, anti-oviposition agents and deterrents towards the insects. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the butanol fraction from a crude methanolic extract of an important plant species, Isodon rugosus showed strong insecticidal activity against the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. It was however not known as which compound was responsible for such activity. To further explore this finding, current study aimed to exploit a bioactivity-guided strategy to isolate and identify the active compound in the butanol fraction of I. rugosus. As such, reversed-phase flash chromatography, acidic extraction and different spectroscopic techniques were used to isolate and identify the new compound, rosmarinic acid as the bioactive compound in I. rugosus. Insecticidal activity of rosmarinic acid was carried out using standard protocols on A. pisum. The data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative statistical approaches. Considering that a very low concentration of this compound (LC90 = 5.4 ppm) causes significant mortality in A. pisum within 24 h, rosmarinic acid could be exploited as a potent insecticide against this important pest insect. Furthermore, I. rugosus is already used for medicinal purposes and rosmarinic acid is known to reduce genotoxic effects induced by chemicals, hence it is expected to be safer compared to the current conventional pesticides. While this study highlights the potential of I. rugosus as a possible biopesticide source against A. pisum, it also provides the basis for further exploration and development of formulations for effective field application.

plant biology↗