Sladky, V. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2022

Integrated human-machine interface for closed-loop stimulation using implanted and wearable devices

Recent development in implantable devices for electrical brain stimulation includes sensing and embedded computing capabilities that enable adaptive stimulation strategies. Applications include stimulation triggered by pathologic brain activity and endogenous rhythms, such as circadian rhythms. We developed and tested a system that integrates an electrical brain stimulation & sensing implantable device with embedded computing and uses a distributed system with commercial electronics, smartphone and smartwatch for patient annotations, extensive behavioral testing, and adaptive stimulation in subjects in their natural environments. The system enables precise time synchronization of the external components with the brain stimulating device and is coupled with automated analysis of continuous streaming electrophysiology synchronized with patient reports. The system leverages a real-time bi-directional interface between devices and patients with epilepsy living in their natural environment.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Distributed Brain Co-Processor for Neurophysiologic Tracking and Adaptive Stimulation: Application to Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Early implantable epilepsy therapy devices provided open-loop electrical stimulation without brain sensing, computing, or an interface for synchronized behavioral inputs from patients. Recent epilepsy stimulation devices provide brain sensing but have not yet developed analytics for accurately tracking and quantifying behavior and seizures. Here we describe a distributed brain co-processor providing an intuitive bi-directional interface between patient, implanted neural stimulation and sensing device, and local and distributed computing resources. Automated analysis of continuous streaming electrophysiology is synchronized with patient reports using a hand-held device and integrated with distributed cloud computing resources for quantifying seizures, interictal epileptiform spikes, and patient symptoms during therapeutic electrical brain stimulation. The classification algorithms for interictal epileptiform spikes and seizures were developed and parameterized using long-term ambulatory data from 9 humans and 8 canines with epilepsy, and then implemented prospectively in out-of-sample testing in 2 pet canines and 4 humans with drug resistant epilepsy living in their natural environments.

bioengineering↗