Biology subjects

Seixas, F. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Seixas, F. A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

Complex basis of hybrid female sterility and Haldane's rule in Heliconius butterflies: Z-linkage and epistasis

Hybrids between diverging populations are often sterile or inviable. Hybrid unfitness usually evolves first in the heterogametic sex - a pattern known as Haldanes rule. The genetics of Haldanes Rule have been extensively studied in species where the male is the heterogametic (XX/XY) sex, but its basis in taxa where the female is heterogametic (ZW/ZZ), such as Lepidoptera and birds, is largely unknown. Here, we analyse a new case of female hybrid sterility between geographic subspecies of Heliconius pardalinus. The two subspecies mate freely in captivity, but female F1 hybrids in both directions of cross are sterile. Sterility is due to arrested development of oocytes after they become differentiated from nurse cells, but before yolk deposition. We backcrossed fertile male F1 hybrids to parental females, and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for female sterility. We also identified genes differentially expressed in the ovary, and as a function of oocyte development. The Z chromosome has a major effect, similar to the "large X effect" in Drosophila, with strong epistatic interactions between loci at either end of the Z chromosome, and between the Z chromosome and autosomal loci on chromosomes 8 and 20. Among loci differentially expressed between females with arrested vs. non-arrested ovary development, we identified six candidate genes known also from Drosophila melanogaster and Parage aegeria oogenesis. This study is the first to characterize hybrid sterility using genome mapping in the Lepidoptera. We demonstrate that sterility is produced by multiple complex epistastic interactions often involving the sex chromosome, as predicted by the dominance theory of Haldanes Rule.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Complex introgression history of the erato-sara clade of Heliconius butterflies

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWIntrogressive hybridization plays a key role in adaptive evolution and species diversification in many groups of species. However, frequent hybridization and gene flow between species makes estimation of the species phylogeny and key population parameters challenging. Here, we show that by accounting for phasing and using full-likelihood analysis methods, introgression histories and population parameters can be estimated reliably from whole-genome sequence data. We employ full-likelihood methods under the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model with and without gene flow to analyze the genomic data from six members of the erato-sara clade of Heliconius butterflies and infer the species phylogeny and cross-species introgression events. The methods naturally accommodate random fluctuations in genealogical history across the genome due to deep coalescence. To avoid heterozygote phasing errors in haploid sequences commonly produced by genome assembly methods, we process and compile unphased diploid sequence alignments and use analytical methods to average over uncertainties in heterozygote phase resolution. There is robust evidence for introgression across the genome, both among distantly related species deep in the phylogeny and between sister species in shallow parts of the tree. We obtain chromosome-specific estimates of key population parameters such as introgression directions, times and probabilities, as well as species divergence times and population sizes for modern and ancestral species. We confirm ancestral gene flow between the sara clade and an ancestral population of H. telesiphe, a likely hybrid speciation origin for H. hecalesia, and gene flow between sister species H. erato and H. himera. Inferred introgression among ancestral species also explains the history of two chromosomal inversions deep in the phylogeny of the group. This study illustrates how a full-likelihood approach based on the multispecies coalescent makes it possible to extract rich historical information of species divergence and gene flow from genomic data.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Synteny-based genome assembly for 16 species of Heliconius butterflies, and an assessment of structural variation across the genus

Heliconius butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are a group of 48 neotropical species widely studied in evolutionary research. Despite the wealth of genomic data generated in past years, chromosomal level genome assemblies currently exist for only two species, Heliconius melpomene and H. erato, each a representative of one of the two major clades of the genus. Here, we use these reference genomes to improve the contiguity of previously published draft genome assemblies of 16 Heliconius species. Using a reference-assisted scaffolding approach, we place and order the scaffolds of these genomes onto chromosomes, resulting in 95.7-99.9% of their genomes anchored to chromosomes. Genome sizes are somewhat variable among species (270-422 Mb) and in one small group of species (H. hecale, H. elevatus and H. pardalinus) differences in genome size are mainly driven by a few restricted repetitive regions. Genes within these repeat regions show an increase in exon copy number, an absence of internal stop codons, evidence of constraint on non-synonymous changes, and increased expression, all of which suggest that the extra copies are functional. Finally, we conducted a systematic search for inversions and identified five moderately large inversions fixed between the two major Heliconius clades. We infer that one of these inversions was transferred by introgression between the lineages leading to the erato/sara and burneyi/doris clades. These reference-guided assemblies represent a major improvement in Heliconius genomic resources that should aid further genetic and evolutionary studies in this genus.

genomics↗