Biology subjects

Scotto di Carlo, F.

Publications and source records attributed to Scotto di Carlo, F..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Profilin 1 maintains cell cycle fidelity to prevent unscheduled genome doubling and polyploidy in cancer

Whole-genome doubling (WGD) represents a major route to genome instability and therapeutic resistance in cancer; yet, the mechanisms enabling genome duplication in p53-proficient cells remain poorly understood. Here, we identify Profilin 1 (PFN1) loss as a driver of WGD through impaired mitotic entry. Using FUCCI live-cell imaging and single-cell genomic profiling, we show that PFN1-deficient cells bypass mitosis and undergo endoreplication, generating tetraploid cells. Rather than undergoing stable arrest after mitotic bypass, these genome-doubled cells retain proliferative capacity and proceed through aberrant mitotic divisions, thereby amplifying genomic instability. Proteomic analyses reveal coordinated attenuation of late cell-cycle programs, including downregulation of key mitotic regulators such as CDK1, PLK1 and CKS2, consistent with impaired G2/M transition. Despite accumulating polyploidy, PFN1-knockout cells fail to activate an effective p53 tetraploidy checkpoint and display increased nuclear MDM2, promoting cell-cycle arrest evasion and chemotherapeutic resistance. We supported clinical relevance by an orthotopic osteosarcoma xenograft model, in which PFN1-deficient SaOS2 cells showed enhanced metastatic dissemination, and by pan-cancer TCGA analyses confirming a recurrent association between PFN1 loss and WGD. Together, these findings identify Profilin 1 as a safeguard of cell-cycle fidelity whose loss enables genome doubling, cellular plasticity and therapy tolerance.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2022

The ZNF687 mutation of Paget's disease associated with giant cell tumour causes severe bone remodelling alteration as a result of a deregulated osteoclast transcriptional program

Pagets disease (PDB) is a late-onset bone remodelling disorder with a broad spectrum of symptoms and complications. One of the most aggressive forms is caused by the P937R mutation in the ZNF687 gene. Although the genetic involvement of ZNF687 in PDB has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remains unclear. Here, we describe the first Zfp687 knock-in mouse model and demonstrate that the mutation recapitulates the PDB phenotype, showing a severe bone remodelling alteration. Through micro-computed tomography analysis, we observed that 8-month-old mice showed a mainly osteolytic phase, with a significant decrease in the trabecular bone volume affecting the femurs and the vertebrae of both heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice. In contrast, osteoblast activity was deregulated, beginning to produce disorganised bone. Noteworthy, this phenotype became pervasive in 16-month-old mice, where osteoblast function overtook bone resorption as the predominant event, as highlighted by the presence of woven bone in histological analyses, consistent with the PDB phenotype. Furthermore, we detected osteophytes and intervertebral disc degeneration, outlining for the first time the link between osteoarthritis and PDB in a PDB mouse model. Finally, we generated CRISPR-Cas9-based Zfp687 knock-out RAW 264.7 cells, and noted a remarkable impairment of osteoclast differentiation capacity, reinforcing the relevance of Zfp687 during this process. RNA-sequencing on wild type and KO clones identified a set of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis under the control of Zfp687, i.e., Tspan7, Cpe, Vegfc, and Ggt1. Thus, this study established an essential role of Zfp687 in the regulation of bone remodelling, and may offer the potential to therapeutically treat PDB.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Profilin 1 deficiency drives mitotic defects and impairs genome stability

Profilin 1 -encoded by PFN1- is a small actin-binding protein with a tumour suppressive role in various adenocarcinomas and pagetic osteosarcomas. However, its contribution to tumour development is not fully understood. Using fix and live cell imaging, we report that Profilin 1 inactivation results in multiple mitotic defects, manifested prominently by anaphase bridges, multipolar spindles, misaligned and lagging chromosomes, and cytokinesis failures. Accordingly, next-generation sequencing technologies highlighted that Profilin 1 knock-out cells display extensive copy-number alterations, which are associated with complex genome rearrangements and chromothripsis events in primary pagetic osteosarcomas with Profilin 1 inactivation. Mechanistically, we show that Profilin 1 is recruited to the spindle midzone at anaphase, and its deficiency reduces the supply of actin filaments to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. The mitotic defects are also observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells deriving from a newly generated knock-in mouse model harbouring a Pfn1 loss-of-function mutation. Furthermore, nuclear atypia is also detected in histological sections of mutant femurs. Thus, our results indicate that Profilin 1 has a role in regulating cell division, and its inactivation triggers mitotic defects, one of the major mechanisms through which tumour cells acquire chromosomal instability.

cell biology↗