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Biology subjects

Schweihoff, J. F.

Publications and source records attributed to Schweihoff, J. F..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

A-SOiD, an active learning platform for expert-guided, data efficient discovery of behavior

To identify and extract naturalistic behavior, two schools of methods have become popular: supervised and unsupervised. Each approach carries its own strengths and weaknesses, which the user must weigh in on their decision. Here, a new active learning platform, A-SOiD, blends these strengths and, in doing so, overcomes several of their inherent drawbacks. A-SOiD iteratively learns user-defined groups and can considerably reduce the necessary training data while attaining expansive classification through directed unsupervised classification. In socially-interacting mice, A-SOiD outperformed other methods and required 85% less training data than was available. Additionally, it isolated two additional ethologically-distinct mouse interactions via unsupervised classification. Similar performance and efficiency were observed using non-human primate 3D pose data. In both cases, the transparency in A-SOiDs cluster definitions revealed the defining features of the supervised classification through a game-theoretic approach. Lastly, we show the potential of A-SOiD to segment a large and rich variety of human social and single-person behaviors with 3D position keypoints. To facilitate use, A-SOiD comes as an intuitive, open-source interface for efficient segmentation of user-defined behaviors and discovered sub-actions.

animal behavior and cognition↗

The diagonal band of broca continually regulates olfactory-mediated behaviors by modulating odor-evoked responses within the olfactory bulb

Sensory perception is modulated in a top-down fashion by higher brain regions to regulate the strength of its own input resulting in the adaptation of behavioral responses. In olfactory perception, the horizontal diagonal band of broca (HDB), embedded in the basal forebrain modulates olfactory information processing by recruiting olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons to shape excitatory OB output. Currently, little is known about how specific HDB to OB top-down signaling affects complex olfactory-mediated behaviors. Here we show that the olfactory bulb is strongly and differentially innervated by HDB projections. HDB-silencing via tetanus toxin light chain led to reduced odor-evoked Ca2+-responses in glomeruli of the OB, underscoring HDBs role in odor response modulation. Furthermore, selective, light-mediated silencing of HDB to OB afferents completely prevented olfactory-mediated habituation and discrimination behaviors. Notably, also social habituation and discrimination behaviors were affected. Mono-transsynaptic tracing studies indicated a robust HDB innervation from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Here we provide evidence for a novel tri-synaptic PVN-HDB-OB axis responsible for modulating these types of behavior. Thus, HDB to OB projections constitute a central top-down pathway for olfactory-mediated habituation and discrimination behaviors.

neuroscience↗

DeepLabStream: Closing the loop using deep learning-based markerless, real-time posture detec-tion

In general, animal behavior can be described as the neuronal-driven sequence of reoccurring postures through time. Current technologies enable offline pose estimation with high spatio-temporal resolution, however to understand complex behaviors, it is necessary to correlate the behavior with neuronal activity in real-time. Here we present DeepLabStream, a highly versatile, closed-loop solution for freely moving mice that can autonomously conduct behavioral experiments ranging from behavior-based learning tasks to posture-dependent optogenetic stimulation. DeepLabStream has a temporal resolution in the millisecond range, can operate with multiple devices and can be easily tailored to a wide range of species and experimental designs. We employ DeepLabStream to autonomously run a second-order olfactory conditioning task for freely moving mice and to deliver optogenetic stimuli based on mouse head-direction.

animal behavior and cognition↗