Biology subjects

Scarth, J. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Scarth, J. A..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

The HPV E7 oncoprotein promotes LIM and SH3 Domain Protein 1 (LASP1) transcription via the Rb/E2F1 signalling pathway in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells

Since its discovery in a metastatic lymph node in breast cancer patients, LIM and SH3 Domain Protein (LASP1) has been shown to be over-expressed in and promote the progression of various cancers. We recently demonstrated that LASP1 is highly expressed in human Papillomavirus positive (HPV+) cervical cancers where it promotes cell proliferation and invasion. Importantly, we showed that the HPV E7 oncoprotein increased LASP1 expression by downregulating the microRNA miR-203, which directly targets the LASP1 mRNA 3UTR. However, whether LASP1 is regulated by other mechanisms in HPV+ cervical cancers is unclear. Here, we demonstrate an additional mechanism by which HPV E7 regulates LASP1 transcription. Our data demonstrates an important the role for Rb/E2F1 signalling in promoting LASP1 expression in HPV+ cervical cancer cells. Mechanistically, E7-mediated Rb binding and degradation is required for E7-driven LASP1 promoter activity. Overexpression of Rb decreased LASP1 promoter activity, LASP1 mRNA expression and LASP1 protein levels, whereas E2F1 expression promoted LASP1 expression. Importantly, E2F1 directly bound to the LASP1 promoter region and the E2F1 binding sites are essential for LASP1 expression in HPV+ cervical cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrate that LASP1 can partially rescue the growth defects observed in E2F1 knockdown cervical cancer cells. Taken together, our data show that HPV E7 regulates LASP1 expression via the Rb/E2F1 signalling pathway. In combination with our previous work, our studies demonstrate that HPV E7 employs multiple mechanisms to drive LASP1 expression, reinforcing the importance of LASP1 in HPV+ cervical cancer.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2025

High levels of DNA replication initiation factors indicate ATR inhibitor sensitivity via excessive origin firing

Inhibitors of ATR, a central kinase controlling DNA replication origin firing and cellular checkpoint activity, are currently in multiple clinical trials, yet mechanisms underpinning sensitivity and robust patient stratification biomarkers are lacking. We used functional genomics approaches to identify molecular mechanisms driving sensitivity to the ATR inhibitor (ATRi) ceralasertib. Replication stress-associated patterns of DNA copy number alterations identified a subset of sensitive breast cancer cell lines. In parallel, we performed proteomics, phosphoproteomics and gene expression analyses and discovered that sensitive cell lines had higher expression of DNA replication origin firing factors, and massively increased origin firing in response to ATRi. ATRi sensitivity was partly rescued upon co-treatment with XL-413, a CDC7 inhibitor that decreases origin firing. High expression of replication initiation factors correlated with ATRi sensitivity across multiple cancer types, and in acute myeloid leukemia patient samples. Together, this study reveals a novel contribution of lethal origin firing capacity in determining the sensitivity of cancer cells to ATR inhibition and demonstrates the predictive potential of mechanism-specific copy number alterations, providing key steps towards developing a multimodal clinically applicable biomarker for ATR inhibitors.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2024

E7-mediated repression of miR-203 promotes LASP1-dependent proliferation in HPV-positive cervical cancer

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major cause of malignancy, contributing to [~]5% of all human cancers worldwide, including most cervical cancer cases and a growing number of ano-genital and oral cancers. The major HPV viral oncogenes, E6 and E7, manipulate many host cellular pathways that promote cell proliferation and survival, predisposing infected cells to malignant transformation. Despite the availability of highly effective vaccines, there are still no specific anti-viral therapies targeting HPV or treatments for HPV-associated cancers. As such, a better understanding of viral-host interactions may allow the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that the actin-binding protein LASP1 is upregulated in cervical cancer and significantly correlates with a poorer overall survival. In HPV positive cervical cancer, LASP1 depletion significantly inhibited proliferation in vitro, whilst having minimal effects in HPV negative cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that the LASP1 SH3 domain is essential for LASP1-mediated proliferation in these cells. Mechanistically, we show that HPV E7 regulates LASP1 at the post-transcriptional level by repressing the expression of miR-203, which negatively regulated LASP1 mRNA levels by binding to its 3UTR. Finally, we demonstrated that LASP1 expression is required for the growth of HPV positive cervical cancer cells in an in vivo tumourigenicity model. Together, these data demonstrate that HPV induces LASP1 expression to promote proliferation and survival role in cervical cancer, thus identifying a potential therapeutic target in these cancers.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Exploitation of ATP-sensitive potassium ion (KATP) channels by HPV promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation by contributing to MAPK/AP-1 signalling

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the causal factor in multiple human malignancies, including >99% of cervical cancers and a growing proportion of oropharyngeal cancers. Prolonged expression of the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 is necessary for transformation to occur. Although some of the mechanisms by which these oncoproteins contribute to carcinogenesis are well-characterised, a comprehensive understanding of the signalling pathways manipulated by HPV is lacking. Here, we present the first evidence to our knowledge that the targeting of a host ion channel by HPV can contribute to cervical carcinogenesis. Through the use of pharmacological activators and inhibitors of ATP-sensitive potassium ion (KATP) channels, we demonstrate that these channels are active in HPV-positive cells and that this activity is required for HPV oncoprotein expression. Further, expression of SUR1, which forms the regulatory subunit of the multimeric channel complex, was found to be upregulated in both HPV+ cervical cancer cells and in samples from patients with cervical disease, in a manner dependent on the E7 oncoprotein. Importantly, knockdown of SUR1 expression or KATP channel inhibition significantly impeded cell proliferation via induction of a G1 cell cycle phase arrest. This was confirmed both in vitro and in in vivo tumourigenicity assays. Mechanistically, we propose that the pro-proliferative effect of KATP channels is mediated via the activation of a MAPK/AP-1 signalling axis. A complete characterisation of the role of KATP channels in HPV-associated cancer is now warranted in order to determine whether the licensed and clinically available inhibitors of these channels could constitute a potential novel therapy in the treatment of HPV-driven cervical cancer.

microbiology↗