Biology subjects

Riess, J. W.

Publications and source records attributed to Riess, J. W..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

A Genomically and Clinically Annotated Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) Resource for Preclinical Research in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Patient-derived xenograft models (PDXs) are an effective preclinical in vivo platform for testing the efficacy of novel drug and drug combinations for cancer therapeutics. Here we describe a repository of 79 genomically and clinically annotated lung cancer PDXs available from The Jackson Laboratory that have been extensively characterized for histopathological features, mutational profiles, gene expression, and copy number aberrations. Most of the PDXs are models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including 37 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 33 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) models. Other lung cancer models in the repository include four small cell carcinomas, two large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, two adenosquamous carcinomas, and one pleomorphic carcinoma. Models with both de novo and acquired resistance to targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are available in the collection. The genomic profiles of the LUAD and LUSC PDX models are consistent with those observed in patient tumors of the same tumor type from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and to previously characterized gene expression-based molecular subtypes. Clinically relevant mutations identified in the original patient tumors were confirmed in engrafted tumors. Treatment studies performed for a subset of the models recapitulated the responses expected based on the observed genomic profiles. SignificanceThe collection of lung cancer Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) models maintained at The Jackson Laboratory retain both the histologic features and treatment-relevant genomic alterations observed in the originating patient tumors and show expected responses to treatment with standard-of-care agents. The models serve as a valuable preclinical platform for translational cancer research. Information and data for the models are freely available from the Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb, http://tumor.informatics.jax.org/mtbwi/pdxSearch.do).

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2021

3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 drives acquired resistance to osimertinib

Osimertinib sensitive and resistant NSCLC NCI-H1975 clones were used to model osimertinib acquired resistance in humanized mice and delineate potential resistance mechanisms. No new EGFR mutations or loss of the EGFR T790M mutation were found in resistant clones. Resistant tumors in humanized mice were initially partially responsive to osimertinib, then aggressive tumor regrowth occurred accompanied by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) was identified as a potential driver of osimertinib acquired resistance, and its selective inhibition by BX795 and CRISPR gene knock out, sensitized resistant clones and a patient derived xenograft (PDX) with acquired resistance to osimertinib. PDK1 knock-out dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, promoted cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and inhibited nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP). Higher expression of PDK1 was found in patients with progressive disease following osimertinib treatment. PDK1 is a central upstream regulator of two critical drug resistance pathways: PI3K/AKT/mTOR and YAP.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2021

A focal adhesion kinase-YAP signaling axis drives drug tolerant persister cells and residual disease in lung cancer

Targeted therapy is effective in many tumor types including lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality. Paradigm defining examples are targeted therapies directed against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes with oncogenic alterations in EGFR, ALK and KRAS. The success of targeted therapy is limited by drug-tolerant tumor cells which withstand and adapt to treatment and comprise the residual disease state that is typical during treatment with clinical targeted therapies. Here, we integrate studies in patient-derived and immunocompetent lung cancer models and clinical specimens obtained from patients on targeted therapy to uncover a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-YAP signaling axis that promotes residual disease during oncogenic EGFR-, ALK-, and KRAS-targeted therapies. FAK-YAP signaling inhibition combined with the primary targeted therapy suppressed residual drug-tolerant cells and enhanced tumor responses. This study unveils a FAK-YAP signaling module that promotes residual disease in lung cancer and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to improve tumor response.

cancer biology↗