Raven, K. E. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2022

Exploring the mobilome and resistome of Enterococcus faecium in a One Health context across two continents

Enterococcus faecium is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that is exhibiting increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many of the genes that confer resistance and pathogenic functions are localized on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which facilitate their transfer between lineages. Here, features including resistance determinants, virulence factors, and MGEs were profiled in a set of 1273 E. faecium genomes from two disparate geographic locations (in the UK and Canada) from a range of agricultural, clinical, and associated habitats. Neither lineages of E. faecium nor MGEs are constrained by geographic proximity, but our results show evidence of a strong association of many profiled genes and MGEs with habitat. Many features were associated with a group of clinical and municipal wastewater genomes that are likely forming a new human-associated ecotype. The evolutionary dynamics of E. faecium make it a highly versatile emerging pathogen, and its ability to acquire, transmit, and lose features presents a high risk for the emergence of new pathogenic variants and novel resistance combinations. This study provides a workflow for MGE-centric surveillance of AMR in Enterococcus that can be adapted to other pathogens.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2018

One Health genomic surveillance of Escherichia coli demonstrates distinct lineages and mobile genetic elements in isolates from humans versus livestock

Livestock have been proposed as a reservoir for drug-resistant Escherichia coli that infect humans. We isolated and sequenced 431 E. coli (including 155 ESBL-producing isolates) from cross-sectional surveys of livestock farms and retail meat in the East of England. These were compared with the genomes of 1517 E. coli associated with bloodstream infection in the United Kingdom. Phylogenetic core genome comparisons demonstrated that livestock and patient isolates were genetically distinct, indicating that E. coli causing serious human infection do not directly originate from livestock. By contrast, we observed highly related isolates from the same animal species on different farms. Analysis of accessory (variable) genomes identified a virulence cassette associated previously with cystitis and neonatal meningitis that was only present in isolates from humans. Screening all 1948 isolates for accessory genes encoding antibiotic resistance revealed 41 different genes present in variable proportions of humans and livestock isolates. We identified a low prevalence of shared antimicrobial resistance genes between livestock and humans based on analysis of mobile genetic elements and long-read sequencing. We conclude that in this setting, there was limited evidence to support the suggestion that antimicrobial resistant pathogens that cause serious infection in humans originate from livestock.\n\nImportanceThe increasing prevalence of E. coli bloodstream infections is a serious public health problem. We used genomic epidemiology in a One Health study conducted in the East of England to examine putative sources of E. coli associated with serious human disease. E. coli from 1517 patients with bloodstream infection were compared with 431 isolates from livestock farms and meat. Livestock-associated and bloodstream isolates were genetically distinct populations based on core genome and accessory genome analyses. Identical antimicrobial resistance genes were found in livestock and human isolates, but there was little overlap in the mobile elements carrying these genes. In addition, a virulence cassette found in humans isolates was not identified in any livestock-associated isolate. Our findings do not support the idea that E. coli causing invasive disease or their resistance genes are commonly acquired from livestock.

genomics↗