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Biology subjects

Qamar, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Qamar, A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Crowdsourced Protein Design: Lessons From the Adaptyv EGFR Binder Competition

In this report, we summarize and analyze the 2024 Adaptyv protein design competition. Participants used computational and Machine Learning (ML) methods of their choice to design proteins that bind the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), a key drug target involved in cell growth, differentiation, and cancer development. Over 1,800 designs were submitted across two rounds. Of these, 601 proteins were selected and characterized for expression and binding affinity to EGFR, with competitors both optimizing existing binders (KD = 1.21 nM) and creating de novo binders (KD = 82 nM). All selected designs were experimentally validated using Adaptyvs automated Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) pipeline. This competition illustrates the potential of crowdsourcing to drive creativity and innovation in protein design. However, it also exposed key challenges, such as the lack of standardized benchmarks, experimental design targets, and robust computational metrics for method comparison. We anticipate that future competitions will address these gaps and further motivate progress in computational protein design.

bioengineering↗

Differential expansion and retention patterns of LRR-RLK genes across plant evolution

To maximize overall fitness, plants must accurately respond to a host of growth, developmental, and environmental signals throughout their life. Many of these internal and external signals are perceived by the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, which play roles in regulating growth, development, and immunity. This largest family of receptor kinases in plants can be divided into subfamilies based on conservation of the kinase domain, which demonstrates that shared evolutionary history often indicates shared molecular function. Here we investigate the evolutionary history of this family across the evolution of 112 plant species. We identify lineage-specific expansions of the malectin-domain containing subfamily LRR subfamily I primarily in the Brassicales and bryophytes. Most other plant lineages instead show a large expansion in LRR subfamily XII, which in Arabidopsis is known to contain key receptors in pathogen perception. This striking asymmetric expansion may reveal a dichotomy in the evolutionary history and adaptation strategies employed by plants. A greater understanding of the evolutionary pressures and adaptation strategies acting on members of this receptor family offers a way to improve functional predictions for orphan receptors and simplify identification of novel stress related receptors.

genomics↗

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan

Present study aimed at investigating the magnitude of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among four Salmonella spp. i.e. S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and S. typhimurium, present in raw milk and environment samples from five districts of southern part of the Province of Punjab in Pakistan i.e. Multan, Bahawalpur, Lodhran, Dera Ghazi Khan and Muzaffargarh. A total of 3000 raw milk and environment samples were collected from these sites and analyzed for detection and confirmation of Salmonella spp. Extent of antibiotic resistance was also determined and classified as resistant, intermediate and susceptible. S. typhimurium was found to be more prevalent in Multan region as compared to other districts. Increased emergence of antibacterial resistance among Salmonella spp. from raw milk samples was noted. Amongst 13 tested antibiotics, chloramphenicol and ofloxacin were found to be the most susceptible against Salmonella spp. Present study suggested serious interventions by relevant government agencies to ensure best practices in animal husbandry at farm level and sagacious use of antibiotics for the containment of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp.

microbiology↗