Biology subjects

Pruefer, D.

Publications and source records attributed to Pruefer, D..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Natural rubber reduces herbivory and alters the microbiome below ground

O_LILaticifers are hypothesized to mediate both plant-herbivore and plant-microbe interactions. However, there is little evidence for the dual function of these secretory structures. C_LIO_LIWe investigated whether the major constituent of natural rubber, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, a phylogenetically widespread and economically important latex polymer, alters plant resistance and the root microbiome of the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz) under attack of a root herbivore, the larva of the May cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha). C_LIO_LIRubber-depleted transgenic plants lost more shoot and root biomass upon herbivory than normal rubber content near-isogenic lines. M. melolontha preferred to feed on artificial diet supplemented with rubber-depleted rather than normal rubber content latex. Likewise, adding purified cis-1,4-polyisoprene in ecologically relevant concentrations to diet deterred larval feeding and reduced larval weight gain. Metagenomics and metabarcoding revealed that abolishing biosynthesis of natural rubber alters the structure but not the diversity of the rhizosphere and root microbiota in a herbivore-dependent manner. Roots from rubber-depleted plants, however, did not exhibit a higher pathogen load compared to normal rubber content roots. C_LIO_LITaken together, our data demonstrate that natural rubber biosynthesis reduces herbivory and alters the plant microbiota in a herbivore-dependent manner, which highlights the role of plant specialized metabolites and secretory structures in shaping multitrophic interactions. C_LI

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Unraveling the mystery behind the short-day-specific flowering of tobacco cultivar Maryland Mammoth

Flowering in day-neutral tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants requires the photoperiod-dependent expression of members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like clade of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins. FT-like floral activators and inhibitors compete for interaction with FD proteins to shift from vegetative to reproductive growth. In the short-day (SD) cultivar Maryland Mammoth (MM), vegetative growth persists under long-day (LD) conditions, generating unusually tall plants. We found that the major floral inducer under long-days (NtFT5) was expressed in MM and that NtFT5 overexpression induced flowering in MM plants under LD conditions. However, sequence analysis revealed a 2-bp deletion near the 3 end of NtFT5 in MM plants resulting in a frame shift which leads to an altered amino acid sequence and a premature stop codon. We found that the truncated NtFT5MM protein was still able to interact with tobacco FD proteins. However, constitutive overexpression under LD conditions in SD-specific flowering tobacco plants showed that NtFT5MM is a weaker floral inducer than NtFT5. Our data suggest that the truncation does not impair the stability of the NtFT5MM protein but may affect its binding affinity for NtFD1, probably resulting in the weaker expression of target genes. Our results therefore provide a potential explanation for the MM gigantism phenotype first observed more than 100 years ago. HighlightThe previously unexplained gigantism of Maryland Mammoth tobacco is caused by a truncated major floral activator protein that results in weaker activation and the inability to flower under long-day conditions.

plant biology↗