Biology subjects

Pranter, R.

Publications and source records attributed to Pranter, R..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Towards understanding the mechanistic basis of a sex-limited color polymorphism

The presence of multiple discrete color patterns within a species has captivated evolutionary biologists for more than a century, especially when such polymorphism is confined to one sex. The brown anole Anolis sagrei exhibits a female-limited polymorphism in dorsal patterning, which is controlled by allelic variation at the autosomal gene CCDC170. Here, we present and test a threshold model that can explain why the polymorphism is female-limited. We hypothesize that allelic variation at the CCDC170 locus affects only female color pattern because this gene is co-expressed with its neighboring gene ESR1, highly expressed in female, but not male, embryos. By manipulating embryonic estradiol levels, we show that genetic males can be induced to express the polymorphism according to allelic variation at the CCDC170 locus, which is naturally masked by low expression levels of this gene. Inversely, treating genetic females with fadrozole, which depletes estradiol, leads to monomorphic patterns irrespective of genotype, as for natural males. Using RT-qPCR, we demonstrate that these effects are accompanied by a direct influence of estradiol and fadrozole on gene expression levels of CCDC170 and ESR1, thereby validating the threshold model. Our results suggest that the CCDC170-ESR1-locus is part of a mechanistic link between the morph-determining and the sex differentiation systems and provide a causal explanation for the developmental origin of a sex-limited color polymorphism.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Enrichment of neural crest cells by antibody labelling and flow cytometry for single-cell transcriptomics in a lizard

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a key component of the vertebrate body plan and contribute to a variety of different traits. However, their dynamic migratory behavior and spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the developing embryo pose significant challenges for their identification and isolation. Consequently, most studies of NCCs have been confined to model organisms with established transgenic tools. To overcome this limitation, we present a novel approach that combines antibody labelling with fluorescence activated cell sorting to enrich for NCCs and we demonstrate the approach in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Through microscopy, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that the method enriches for NCCs as efficiently as methods relying on transgenic animals. Using this technique, we successfully characterise transcriptional profiles of NCCs in wall lizard embryos. We anticipate that this method can be applied to a wide range of vertebrates that lack transgenic tools, enabling deeper insights into the roles that neural crest cells are playing in developmental and evolution.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Spatiotemporal profiling of neural crest cells in the common wall lizard Podarcis muralis

BackgroundNeural crest cells (NCCs) are migratory embryonic stem cells that give rise to a diverse set of cell types. Here we describe the dynamic distribution of NCCs in developing embryos of the common wall lizard Podarcis muralis inferred from ten markers. Our aim is to provide insights into the NCC development of lacertid lizards and to infer evolutionary modifications by comparisons to other tetrapods. ResultsNCC migration is ongoing at oviposition, following three streams in the head and multiple in the trunk. From 21ss, we observe expression patterns indicating the beginning of differentiation towards mesenchymal and neuronal fates. By 35ss, migration is restricted to caudal levels, and fully differentiated chromaffin cells are observed. ConclusionsWe find that some markers show patterns that differ from other tetrapods. For example, the antibody HNK-1 labels three NCC streams from the hindbrain while some comparable reptile studies describe four. However, the information emerging from all markers combined shows that the overall spatiotemporal distribution of NCCs in the common wall lizard is largely conserved with that of other tetrapods. Our study highlights the dynamic nature of seemingly canonical marker genes and provides the first description of spatiotemporal NCC dynamics in a lacertid lizard.

developmental biology↗