Metabolic modulation in liver by glucan from Enterococcus hirae (OL616073) via gut-liver axis culture model of steatosis
Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) starts with increased fat deposition called steatosis progressing towards steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and end stage liver disease. Dysfunctional metabolism in type-2 diabetes or obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis, causing release of gut microbial endotoxins like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the liver via portal circulation also known as gut-liver axis. Endotoxins or LPS signals metabolic changes in the liver initiating steatosis via gut-liver axis. Various pre-clinical models have been studied to evaluate the role of fermented food derived bioactive compounds preventing the process of steatosis. Among them exopolysaccharides (EPS), as a part of fermented foods have been reported to produce metabolites by the gut microbial fermentation, providing liver with health benefits. In the present study, we have evaluated the role of a noble EPS or G (glucan) in the condition of liver steatosis by using cell culture model of gut-liver axis by co-culturing Caco-2 and HepG2 cells in transwell culture dishes. LPS was used to mimic gut dysbiosis, with or without pre-treatment of G to caco-2 cells in the upper chamber, wherease, HepG2 cells in lower chamber were extracted for metabolites to be analyzed by LC-Q-TOF. The global metabolomic profiles of LPS+G+ and LPS+ treated cells were compared. The primary target of G showed its role in cholesterol and primary bile acid metabolism along with changes in nucleotide, vitamins and branched chain aminoacid metabolites helpful in reducing fatty liver. Future studies with this glucan using targeted metabolomics could confirm biomarkers of therapeutic intervention of steatosis and could be translated into healthy food products.