Pommier, T. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2022

Larval density in the invasive Drosophila suzukii: immediate and delayed effects on life-history traits

The immediate and delayed effects of density are key in determining population dynamics, since they can positively or negatively affect the fitness of individuals. These effects have great relevance for polyphagous insects for which immature stages develop within a single site of finite feeding resources. Drosophila suzukii is a crop pest that induces severe economic losses for agricultural production, however little is known about the effects of density on its life-history traits. In the present study, we (i) investigated the egg distribution resulting from females egg-laying strategy and (ii) tested the immediate and delayed effects of larval density on emergence rate, development time, sex ratio of offspring, fecundity and adult size (a range of 1 to 50 larvae was used). We showed that most of fruits contain several eggs and aggregate of eggs of high density can be found in some fruits. This high density has no immediate effects on the emergence rate, but has effect on larval developmental time. This trait was involved in a trade-off with adult life-history traits: the larval development was reduced as larval density increased, but smaller and less fertile adults were produced. Our results should help to better understand the population dynamics of this species and to develop more successful control programs.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2021

Early Spring Snowmelt and Summer Droughts Strongly Impair the Resilience of Key Microbial Communities in Subalpine Grassland Ecosystems

Subalpine grassland ecosystems are important from biodiversity, agriculture, and touristic perspectives but their resilience to seasonally occurring climatic extremes is increasingly challenged with climate change, accelerating their vulnerability to tipping points. Microbial communities, which are central in ecosystem functioning, are usually considered as more resistant and highly resilient to such extreme events due to their functional redundancy and strong selection in residing habitats. To investigate this, we explored soil microbial responses upon recurrent summer droughts associated with early snowmelt in subalpine grasslands mesocosms set-up at the Lautaret Pass (French Alps). Potential respiration, nitrification and denitrification were monitored over a period of two growing seasons along with quantification of community gene abundances of total bacteria as well as (de)nitrifiers. Results revealed that droughts had a low and short-term adverse impact on bacterial total respiration supporting their hypothesized high resilience, i.e., resistance and ability to recover. Nitrification and abundances of the corresponding functional guilds showed relatively strong resistance to summer droughts but declined in response to early snowmelt. This triggered a cascading effect on denitrification but also on abundances of denitrifying communities which recovered from all climatic extremes except from the summer droughts where nitrifiers were collapsed. Denitrification and respective functional groups faced high impact of applied stresses with strong reduction in abundance and activity of this specialized community. Although, consequently lower microbial competition for nitrate may be positive for plant biomass production, warnings exist when considering the potential nitrogen leaching from these ecosystems as well as risks of greenhouses gases emission such as N2O.

ecology↗