Biology subjects

Pomares, F. B.

Publications and source records attributed to Pomares, F. B..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

EEG source imaging technique to investigate sleep oscillations for simultaneous EEG-fMRI

Simultaneous recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used non-invasive neuroimaging technique in sleep studies. However, EEG data are strongly influenced by two types of MRI-related artefacts: gradient artefacts (GA) and ballistocardiogram artefacts (BCG). If artefacts correction is suboptimal, the BCG obscures the EEG signals below 20Hz and could make it difficult to investigate sleep oscillations, especially sleep spindles, sleep specific oscillations occurring within 11-16Hz frequency band. We previously demonstrated the utility of beamforming spatial filtering in correcting MRI-related artefacts on EEG. Here, we investigated the use of beamforming spatial filtering for improving the detection of EEG oscillations during sleep, in particular, 1) to accurately estimate single-event spindle EEG power changes, and 2) to demonstrate the potential improvement of fMRI general linear model (GLM) analysis when involving such additional EEG information. We analysed EEG-fMRI data acquired during a recovery nap after sleep deprivation in 20 young healthy participants (12 females, 8 males, age = 21.3 {+/-} 2.5 years). Based on spindle events (onset and duration) detected by trained sleep scorers on BCG corrected EEG signals through a conventional average artefact subtraction (AAS) method, we compared four different EEG processing steps: non-BCG corrected; AAS BCG corrected; beamforming BCG corrected; beamforming+AAS BCG corrected. These processing steps consist of non-BCG corrected and AAS BCG corrected considered either at the sensor level or at the source-level (after beamformer localization) to evaluate the impact of the BCG artefact on the detection of spindle activity. Then we further investigated four different fMRI GLM approaches using 1) the spindle onset and duration (GLM1), 2) spindle onset, duration, and parametric modulation of single-spindle power change from the Cz electrode of the AAS BCG corrected data (GLM2), 3) spindle onset, duration, and parametric modulation of single-spindle power change from the beamforming+AAS BCG corrected (GLM3) and 4) spindle onset, duration, and parametric modulation of single-spindle power change from the beamforming BCG corrected data (GLM4). We found that the beamforming approach did not only attenuate the BCG artefacts, but also recovered sleep spindle activity occurring during NREM sleep. Furthermore, this beamforming approach allowed us to accurately estimate single-event power change of each spindle in the source space when compared to the channel level analysis, and therefore to further improve the specificity of fMRI GLM analysis, better localizing the recruited brain regions during spindles. Our findings show the benefit of applying beamforming source imaging technique to EEG-fMRI acquired during sleep. We demonstrate that this approach would be beneficial especially for long EEG-fMRI data acquisitions (i.e., sleep, resting-state), when the BCG correction becomes problematic due to inherent dynamic changes of heart rates. Our findings extend previous work regarding the application of the source imaging to the sleep EEG-fMRI. Combining with this advanced methodology and analysis, sleep EEG-fMRI will help us better understand the functional roles of human sleep.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

NREM sleep brain networks modulate cognitive recovery from sleep deprivation

Decrease in cognitive performance after sleep deprivation and its recovery following sleep suggests the key role of sleep, especially non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, in maintaining cognition. It remains unknown whether brain network reorganization in NREM sleep stages N2 and N3 can uniquely be mapped onto individual differences in cognitive performance after a recovery nap following sleep deprivation. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we quantified the integration and segregation of brain networks during N2 and N3 sleep in a 1-hour nap following 24-hour sleep deprivation, compared to well-rested wakefulness. Here, we introduce a new analytic framework called the hierarchical segregation index (HSI) to quantify network segregation across spatial scales, from whole-brain to the voxel level, by identifying spatio-temporally overlapping large-scale networks and the corresponding voxel-to-region hierarchy. We found that network segregation increased in the posterior cingulate cortex during both N2 and N3 sleep compared to wakefulness. In contrast, increased segregation in the visual cortex and decreased segregation in the posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex during N2 returned to levels comparable to wakefulness during N3. More segregation during N3 sleep was associated with worse recovery of working memory, executive attention, and psychomotor vigilance after the nap. Sleep-related changes in network segregation emerged at different spatial scales, with regional- and voxel-level alterations being associated with different cognitive tasks. Finally, we demonstrated the sensitivity and reliability of voxel-level HSI to provide key insights into within-region variation, suggesting a mechanistic understanding of how NREM sleep replenishes cognition after sleep deprivation.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

A multidimensional investigation of sleep and biopsychosocial profiles with associated neural signatures

Sleep is essential for optimal functioning and health. Interconnected to multiple biological, psychological and socio-environmental factors (i.e., biopsychosocial factors), the multidimensional nature of sleep is rarely capitalized on in research. Here, we deployed a data-driven approach to identify sleep-biopsychosocial profiles that linked self-reported sleep patterns to inter-individual variability in health, cognition, and lifestyle factors in 770 healthy young adults. We uncovered five profiles, including two profiles reflecting general psychopathology associated with either reports of general poor sleep or an absence of sleep complaints (i.e., sleep resilience) respectively. The three other profiles were driven by the use of sleep aids and social satisfaction, sleep duration and cognitive performance, and sleep disturbance linked to cognition and mental health. Furthermore, identified sleep-biopsychosocial profiles displayed unique patterns of brain network organization. In particular, somatomotor network connectivity alterations were involved in the relationships between sleep and biopsychosocial factors. These profiles can potentially untangle the interplay between individuals variability in sleep, health, cognition and lifestyle -- equipping research and clinical settings to better support individuals well-being.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Altered functional integration of brain activity is a marker of impaired cognitive performance following sleep deprivation

Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to impairments in cognitive function. Here, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive changes in the sleep-deprived brain can be explained by information processing within and between large-scale cortical networks. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of 20 healthy volunteers during attention and executive tasks following a regular night of sleep, a night of sleep deprivation, and a recovery nap containing non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Overall, sleep deprivation was associated with increased cortex-wide functional integration, driven by a rise of integration within cortical networks. The ratio of within vs between network integration in the cortex increased further in the recovery nap, suggesting that prolonged wakefulness drives the cortex toward a state resembling sleep. This balance of integration and segregation in the sleep-deprived state was tightly associated with deficits in cognitive performance. This was a distinct and better marker of cognitive impairment than conventional indicators of homeostatic sleep pressure, as well as the pronounced thalamo-cortical connectivity changes that occurs towards falling asleep. Importantly, restoration of the balance between segregation and integration of cortical activity was also related to performance recovery after the nap, demonstrating a bi-directional effect. These results demonstrate that intra- and inter-individual differences in cortical network integration and segregation during task performance may play a critical role in vulnerability to cognitive impairment in the sleep deprived state. Significance StatementSleep deprivation has significant negative consequences for cognitive function. Understanding how changes in brain activity underpin changes in cognition is important not only to discover why performance declines following extended periods of wakefulness, but also for answering the fundamental question of why we require regular and recurrent sleep for optimal performance. Finding neural correlates that predict performance following sleep deprivation also has the potential to understand which individuals are particularly vulnerable to sleep deprivation, and what aspects of brain function may protect them from these negative consequences on performance. Finally, understanding how perturbations to regular (well-rested) brain functioning affect cognitive performance, will provide important insight into how underlying principles of information processing in the brain may support cognition generally.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Data-driven beamforming techniques to attenuate ballistocardiogram (BCG) artefacts in EEG-fMRI without detecting cardiac pulses in electrocardiography (ECG) recordings

Simultaneous recording of EEG and fMRI is a very promising non-invasive neuroimaging technique, providing a wide range of complementary information to characterize underlying mechanisms associated with brain functions. However, EEG data obtained from the simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings are strongly influenced by MRI related artefacts, namely gradient artefacts (GA) and ballistocardiogram (BCG) artefacts. The GA is induced by temporally varying magnetic field gradients used for MR imaging, whereas the BCG artefacts are produced by cardiac pulse driven head motion in the strong magnetic field of the MRI scanner, so that this BCG artefact will be present when the subject is lying in the scanner, even when no fMRI data are acquired. When compared to corrections of the GA, the BCG artefact corrections are more challenging to remove due to its inherent variabilities and dynamic changes over time. Typically, the BCG artefacts obscure the EEG signals below 20Hz, and this remains problematic especially when the frequency of interest of EEG signals is below 20Hz, such as Alpha (8-13Hz) and Beta (13-30Hz) band EEG activity, or sleep spindle (11-16Hz) and slow-wave oscillations (<1 Hz) during sleep. The standard BCG artefact corrections, as for instance Average Artefact Subtraction method (AAS), require detecting cardiac pulse (R-peak) events from simultaneous electrocardiography (ECG) recordings. However, ECG signals in the MRI scanner are sometimes distorted and will become problematic for detecting reliable R-peaks. In this study, we focused on a beamforming technique, which is a spatial filtering technique to reject sources of signal variance that do not appear dipolar in the source space. This technique attenuates all unwanted source activities outside of a presumed region of interest without having to specify the location or the configuration of these underlying source signals. Specifically, in this study, we revisited the advantages of the beamforming technique to attenuate the BCG artefact in EEG-fMRI, and also to recover meaningful task-based induced neural signals during an attentional network task (ANT) which required participants to identify visual cues and respond as accurately and quickly as possible. We analysed EEG-fMRI data in 20 healthy participants when they were performing the ANT, and compared four different BCG correction approaches (non-BCG corrected, AAS BCG corrected, beamforming+AAS BCG corrected, beamforming BCG corrected). We demonstrated that beamforming BCG corrected data did not only significantly reduce the BCG artefacts, but also significantly recovered the expected task-based induced brain activity when compared to the standard AAS BCG corrections. Without detecting R-peak events from the ECG, this data-driven beamforming technique appears promising especially for longer data acquisition of sleep and resting EEG-fMRI. Our findings extend previous work regarding the recovery of meaningful EEG signals by an optimized suppression of MRI related artefacts. HighlightsO_LIBeamforming spatial filtering technique attenuates ballistocardiogram (BCG) artefacts in EEG-fMRI without detecting cardiac pulses in electrocardiography (ECG) recordings. C_LIO_LIBeamforming BCG denoising technique recovers expected task-based induced visual alpha and motor beta event-related desynchronization (ERD). C_LIO_LIBeamforming technique improves signal-noise ratios (SNR) of neural activities as compared to sensor level signals. C_LIO_LIData-driven beamforming technique appears promising for longer data acquisition of sleep and resting EEG-fMRI without relying on ECG signals. C_LI

neuroscience↗