Biology subjects

Penndorf, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Penndorf, J..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Social decision-making in a wild parrot relies on both individual recognition and intrinsic markers

O_LIDominance hierarchies are generally thought to form over time via memory of repeated interactions. However, dominance hierarchies are also occasionally reported in species with fission-fusion social dynamics, where individuals may encounter large numbers of individuals, leading to incomplete social information. It it has been alternatively proposed that the complex decision-making required in these circumstances may lead to increased selection for social cognition and memory, or to the evolution of mixed strategies that rely on memory for interaction with familiars and status signals for strangers. C_LIO_LIHere, test these competing hypotheses by recording social associations and aggressive interactions in a highly social, large-brained parrot, the sulphur-crested cockatoo ( Cacatua galerita). We followed 411 individuals across three neighbouring roost sites, where individuals exhibit stable dominance hierarchies within roosts, alongside a high degree of fission-fusion dynamics within roosts and regular between-roost movements. C_LIO_LIWe found evidence that sulphur-crested cockatoos use a two-fold social strategy when initiating or reacting to an aggression. For familiar individuals, aggressions were initiated or escalated based on rank difference. When facing less familiar individuals, decisions to interact -- or escalate -- were based on the relative weight, with interactions directed towards, and more likely to escalate between, individuals of similar weight. C_LIO_LIOur results suggest that social knowledge remains an important determinant of aggressive interactions in highly fission-fusion systems, but that individuals can dynamically incorporate other potential cues of competitive ability when knowledge is lacking. C_LI

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2022

Multi-network analysis reveals context-dependent kin relationships in wild sulphur-crested cockatoos, Cacatua galerita

O_LIA preference to associate with kin facilitates inclusive fitness benefits, and increased tolerance or cooperation between kin may be an added benefit of group living. Many species exhibit preferred associations with kin, however it is often hard to disentangle active preferences from passive overlap, for example caused by limited dispersal or inheritance of social position. C_LIO_LIMany parrots exhibit social systems consisting of pair-bonded individuals foraging in variably sized fission-fusion flocks within larger communal roosts of hundreds of individuals. Previous work has shown that, despite these fission-fusion dynamics, individuals can exhibit long-term preferred foraging associations outside their pair-bonds. Yet the underlying drivers of these social preferences remains largely unknown. C_LIO_LIIn this study, we use a network approach to examine the influence of kinship on social associations and interactions in wild, communally roosting sulphur-crested cockatoos, Cacatua galerita. We recorded roost co-membership, social associations and interactions in 561 individually marked birds across three neighbouring roosts. We then collected genetic samples from 205 cockatoos, and conducted a relationship analysis to construct a kinship network. Finally, we tested correlations between kinship and four social networks: association, affiliative, low-intensity aggression, and high-intensity aggression. C_LIO_LIOur result showed that while roosting groups were clearly defined, they showed little genetic differentiation or kin structuring. Between roost movement was high, with juveniles, especially females, repeatedly moving between roosts. Both within roosting communities, and when visiting different roosts, individuals preferentially associated with kin. Supporting this, individuals were also more likely to allopreen kin. However, contrary to expectation, individuals preferred to direct aggression towards kin, with this effect only observed when individuals shared roost membership. C_LIO_LIBy measuring social networks within and between large roosting groups, we could remove potential effects of passive spatial overlap on kin structuring. Our study reveals that sulphur-crested cockatoos actively prefer to associate with kin, both within and between roosting groups. By examining this across different interaction types, we further demonstrate that sulphur-crested cockatoos exhibit behavioural and context-dependent interaction rules towards kin. Our results help reveal the drivers of social association in this species, while adding to the evidence for social complexity in parrots. C_LI

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2021

Costs dictate strategic investment in dominance interactions

Dominance is important for access to resources. As dominance interactions are costly, individuals should be strategic in who they interact with. One hypothesis is that individuals should direct costly interactions towards those closest in rank, as they have most to gain--in terms of attaining or maintaining dominance--from winning such interactions. Here, we show that male vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum), a gregarious species with steep dominance hierarchies, strategically express higher-cost aggressive interactions towards males occupying ranks immediately below themselves in their groups hierarchy. In contrast, lower-cost aggressive interactions are expressed towards group members further down the hierarchy. By directly evaluating differences in the strategic use of higher- and lower-cost aggressive interactions towards competitors, we show that individuals disproportionately use highest-cost interactions--such as chases--towards males found one to three ranks below themselves. Our results support the hypothesis that the costs associated with different interaction types can determine their expression in social groups with steep dominance hierarchies.

animal behavior and cognition↗