In vitro model of human subcutaneous adipocyte spheroids for studying mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria activating compounds
Mitochondrial abnormalities drive subcutaneous white adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, leading to metabolic complications. A key challenge in obesity research is the lack of in vitro models to study human adipocyte mitochondria. Here, we establish a human subcutaneous adipocyte spheroid model to characterize mitochondrial metabolism under obesity-relevant conditions and drug exposure. Human preadipocyte spheroids were differentiated in ultra-low attachment plates for 3 weeks in media free of thiazolidinediones. The differentiated adipocyte spheroids showed increased lipid accumulation, adipogenic gene expression, mitochondrial respiration and adiponectin secretion, and a proper response to hormonal stimulation. Lipid mixture administration during differentiation induced metabolic disturbances including mitochondrial respiration failure associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Post-differentiation treatment with rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} agonist, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and adiponectin secretion in lipid mixture-administered adipocyte spheroids. Our model enables precise measurement of adipocyte mitochondria under various conditions, providing a platform for mitochondria-related research and drug discovery in obesity.