Biology subjects

Patarapuwadol, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Patarapuwadol, S..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

The emergence of bacterial blight pathogen followed the dispersal pattern of rice in Asia

Crop domestication has a significant effect on the evolutionary trajectory of plant pathogens by providing new ecological niches and abundant resources. The domestication of Asian rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia, approximately 9,000 years ago, might have shaped the genetic makeup of associated microbes into modern threats. In this study, we provide insight into the evolutionary history and dispersal pattern of the rice bacterial blight (BB) pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), one of the most destructive rice pathogens in the last century. The analysis of 433 Asian Xoo (AXoo) genomes identified twelve modern populations derived from three ancestral lineages (AXooL). Each population emerged with a unique genetic composition including the combination of pathogenicity factors. Bayesian reconstruction suggests that Xoo lineages emerged alongside O. sativa domestication hotspots and followed the dispersal pattern of rice across the continent. An ancient Xoo lineage (AXooL1) emerged in China and was likely dispersed with japonica rice. A second lineage (AXooL2) which could have turned up from China and spread across India, then evolved due to the domestication and spread of indica rice, and later on expanded eastward of Asia.. We also showed that recombination played a significant role in the emergence of AXooL3, which appeared more recently and might have spread with the rice trading routes. Our study aligns the evolution and dissemination of the phylogroup AXoo with the history of O. sativa, offering valuable insights for the formulation of precise disease management strategies. AUTHOR SUMMARYRice domestication was a crucial step in the development of Asian civilization. However, this process also affected the evolution of an associated pathogen, leading to its emergence as a global threat. Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), has been a scourge in many Asian countries. Using population genomics, we explored the diversity and evolutionary history of Xoo in Asia (AXoo). Here we show that two ancestral pathogen lineages emerged in rice domestication centers (China and India) and dispersed with rice across the continent. More recently, recombination played a crucial role in the appearance of a third lineage that spread through trading activity. This study provides the implications of the adaptation of AXoo in Oryza sativa, and might be valuable in forecasting BB outbreaks.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2018

Sampling for disease absence-deriving informed monitoring from epidemic traits

Monitoring for disease requires subsets of the host population to be sampled and tested for the pathogen. If all the samples return healthy, what are the chances the disease was present but missed? In this paper, we developed a statistical approach to solve this problem considering the fundamental property of infectious diseases: their growing incidence in the host population. The model gives an estimate of the incidence probability density as a function of the sampling effort, and can be reversed to derive adequate monitoring patterns ensuring a given maximum incidence in the population. We then present an approximation of this model, providing a simple rule of thumb for practitioners. The approximation is shown to be accurate for a sample size larger than 20, and we demonstrate its use by applying it to three plant pathogens: citrus canker, bacterial blight and grey mould.

epidemiology↗

bioRxiv2018

A strain of an emerging Indian pathotype of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae defeats the rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa13 without inducing a clade III SWEET gene and is nearly identical to a recent Thai isolate

The rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) injects transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind and activate host susceptibility (S) genes important for disease. Clade III SWEET genes are major S genes for bacterial blight. The resistance genes xa5, which reduces TALE activity generally, and xa13, a SWEET11 allele not recognized by the cognate TALE, have been effectively deployed. However, strains that defeat both resistance genes individually were recently reported in India and Thailand. To gain insight into the mechanism(s), we completely sequenced the genome of one such strain from each country and examined the encoded TALEs. Strikingly, the two strains are clones, sharing nearly identical TALE repertoires, including a TALE known to activate SWEET11 strongly enough to be effective even when diminished by xa5. We next investigated SWEET gene induction by the Indian strain. The Indian strain induced no clade III SWEET in plants harbouring xa13, indicating a pathogen adaptation that relieves dependence on these genes for susceptibility. The findings open a door to mechanistic understanding of the role SWEET genes play in susceptibility and illustrate the importance of complete genome sequence-based monitoring of Xoo populations in developing varieties with effective disease resistance.

pathology↗