Biology subjects

Panigrahi, D. P.

Publications and source records attributed to Panigrahi, D. P..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

DishCam: an open-source 3D-printed darkfield imager for microbial colonies and small organisms on Petri dishes

Petri dishes are routinely photographed using handheld cameras under reflected light. While adequate for large, distinct colonies, this approach fails to capture individual organisms or colonies that are transparent, do not reflect light well, or have fine structures, and is unsuitable for high quality timelapses. Darkfield illumination provides superior contrast for organisms on agar surfaces, but existing solutions rely on improvised setups with inconsistent lighting, or on large and expensive benchtop instruments that cannot be housed inside incubators. We present DishCam, an open-source device consisting entirely of 3D-printed parts and inexpensive off-the-shelf electronics, controlled by a Raspberry Pi running custom open-source software. DishCam produces high-contrast darkfield images using angled LED illumination beneath a Petri dish. All components used are off-the-shelf or easily 3D-printed. The camera and lights can be fully controlled through Raspberry Pi using our software. We demonstrate the device across multiple biological systems: Klebsiella aerogenes colonies of differing densities, Trypanosoma brucei colonies doing social motility, Dictyostelium discoideum streaming aggregation, and Caenorhabditis elegans on feeding substrates. The total cost of the basic device is approximately {pound}166 or $222, with the upgraded configuration costing approximately {pound}413 or $552, which includes a high-quality telephoto lens, SSD storage and incubator-compatible cables.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2025

Intermittent attachments form three-dimensional cell aggregates with emergent fluid properties

In living systems across developmental and cancer biology, populations of cells on surfaces organize themselves into aggregates that mediate function and disease. Recent experimental studies have identified that such aggregates can have emergent fluid-like properties such as surface tension, yet the physical origin of these properties is not clear. Here, we develop a minimal cell-based model in which cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions are governed by active intermittent attachments. We explain the transition of cells from a dilute population to a dense aggregate, and quantify the emergent material properties underpinning this transition. We use our model to interpret experiments on dewetting of aggregates of MDA-MDB-231 cancer cells and shape fluctuations of surface-associated OVCAR3 cell aggregates. Finally, we show how spatial heterogeneity in attachments governs collective chemotaxis of cell aggregates. Together, these results reveal how active intermittent attachments generate cell aggregates with emergent material properties, with broad implications for development and cancer.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2023

Dynamics of a Lipid Vesicle across a Microfluidic Constriction: How does the Fluidity of the Encapsulation and its Micro-EnvironmentMatter?

Constriction in the flow passage in the physiological circulatory system is central to the occurrence of several diseased conditions such as thrombosis and is also pivotal towards the understanding of several regulatory processes in the human microvasculature. It is, therefore, imperative to advance a mechanistic insight on the dynamics of the transiting cellular encapsulations in a physiologically-mimicking micro-confinement, with particular focus on deciphering the role of its mechano-physical properties. Here we bring out a quantitative depiction on the role of the membrane fluidity and the initial deflation (shape deviation from sphericity) of a lipid vesicle during its morphological transition from stretching to tumbling via rolling as it migrates across a microfluidic constriction. Based on our experimental observations as well as theoretical insights, we construct a regime map to elucidate the range of the key dimensionless parameters orchestrating the dynamic transition. Our results further bring out the role of the initial position of the lipid vesicle on its subsequent stretching dynamics, exhibiting characteristic nonlinearities and non-monotonic trends. In addition, our observations on the vesicles stretching dynamics emerge from mapping selectively with the viscosity contrast between the encapsulated and the suspending fluid medium, offering potential physiologically relevant cues on the impact of the aging of a cellular moiety on its deformability as it transits through a constricted path. Such mechanistic insights may potentially enable establishing quantitative correlations between the dynamical transition of a cellular encapsulation and its mechano-physical properties, which may in turn, have decisive implications in various states of health and disease while circulating across microvascular fluidic pathways. Impact StatementThis study brings out a quantitative mechanistic insight into the dynamics of migrating lipid vesicles as they migrate through a constricted microfluidic passage. Having a direct similitude with the movement of red blood cells in human microvascular pathways, the resulting mapping between the initial shape and bending properties of the vesicle membrane with three distinct morphological transitions (stretching, rolling, and tumbling) provides cues for understanding the healthy and diseased states of the cells based on their morpho-dynamic features and establish exclusive connectivity of the same with the cell membrane as well as the cytoplasm properties, a paradigm that is currently non-existant. This, in turn, may lead to a novel mechanistic approach of label-free disease detection based on cellular imaging, for which the current understanding is mostly empirical rather than fundamental.

biophysics↗