Biology subjects

Pan-Montojo, F. J.

Publications and source records attributed to Pan-Montojo, F. J..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

A conserved role of Parkinson-associated DJ-1 metabolites in sperm motility, mitosis, and embryonic development

Fertility rates in the developing world have dramatically dropped in the last decades. This drop is likely due to a decline in sperm quality and women having children at older ages. Loss of function mutations in DJ-1, a Parkinsons associated gene, are linked to alterations in multiple cellular processes such as mitochondrial activity, ROS production or sperm motility and lead to an early onset of Parkinsons disease and male infertility in humans and other species. Glycolate (GA) and D-lactate (DL), products of DJ-1 glyoxalase activity, sustain mitochondrial function and protect against environmental aggressions. We, therefore, tested whether these substances could also have a rescue effect on these phenotypes. Here, we show that DJ-1 loss of function not only affects sperm motility but also leads to defects in mitosis and an age-dependent increase in the abortion rate. Remarkably, whereas DL was only able to rescue embryonic lethality in C. elegans, GA rescued these phenotypes in all model systems tested and even increased sperm motility in wild-type sperm. These positive effects seem to be mediated through an increase in NAD(P)H production and the regulation of intracellular calcium. These findings not only strongly suggest GA as a new therapeutic candidate to improve male and female fertility but also show its potential to treat diseases associated with a decline in mitochondrial function or to improve mitochondrial function in aging.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Physiological and pathological changes in the enteric nervous system of rotenone-exposed mice as potential early biomarkers for Parkinson's disease

Parkinsons disease (PD) is known to involve the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS). Functional changes in PNS and ENS appear early in the course of the disease and are responsible for some of the non-motor symptoms observed in PD patients like constipation, that can precede the appearance of motor symptoms by years. We have shown that environmental toxins can trigger the disease by acting on the ENS and on the autonomic nervous system. Oral exposure to the pesticide rotenone, a mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor, leads to decreased stool depositions in mice. Here we analyzed the effect of rotenone on the function and structure of the ENS by measuring intestinal contractility in a tissue bath and by analyzing related protein expression. Our results show that rotenone changes the normal physiological response of the intestine to carbachol, dopamine and electric field stimulation. The magnitude and direction of these alterations varies between intestinal regions and exposure times and is associated with an early up-regulation of dopaminergic, cholinergic and adrenergic receptors and an irregular reduction in the amount of enteric neurons in rotenone-exposed mice. The early appearance of these alterations makes them ideal candidates to be used as biomarkers for the detection of Parkinsons disease in its early stages.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Glycolic acid protects neurons against ischemia in vitro and in two animal models of stroke

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Current treatments, such as pharmacological thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, re-open occluded arteries but do not protect against ischemia-induced damage that has already occurred before reperfusion or ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal damage. It has been shown that disrupting the conversion of glyoxal to glycolic acid (GA) results in a decreased tolerance to anhydrobiosis in C. elegans, dauer larva, while GA itself can rescue this phenotype. During the process of desiccation/rehydration, a metabolic stop/start similar to the one observed during ischemia/reperfusion occurs. In this study, we tested the protective effect of GA in different ischemia models, including commonly used stroke models in mice and swine. Our results show that GA, given during reperfusion, strongly protects against ischemic damage and improves the functional outcome. We provide evidence that GA exerts its effect by counteracting the glutamate-dependent increase in intracellular calcium during excitotoxicity. These results suggest that GA treatment has the potential to reduce the mortality and disability caused by stroke in patients.

neuroscience↗