Biology subjects

Padera, T. P.

Publications and source records attributed to Padera, T. P..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Cancer immunotherapy responses persist after lymph node resection

Lymphatic transport facilitates the presentation of cancer antigens in tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs), leading to T cell activation and the generation of systemic anti-cancer immune surveillance. Surgical removal of tdLNs to control cancer progression is routine in clinical practice. However, whether removing tdLNs impairs immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is still controversial. Our analysis demonstrates that melanoma patients remain responsive to PD-1 checkpoint blockade after regional LN dissection. We were able to recapitulate the persistent response to ICB after regional LN resection in murine melanoma and mammary carcinoma models. Mechanistically, soluble antigen is diverted to distant LNs after tdLN dissection. Consistently, robust ICB responses in patients with head and neck cancer after primary tumor and tdLN resection correlated with the presence of reactive LNs in distant sites. These findings indicate that distant LNs sufficiently compensate for the removal of direct tdLNs and sustain the response to ICB.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2023

A new label-free optical imaging method for the lymphatic system enhanced by deep learning

Our understanding of the lymphatic vascular system lags far behind that of the blood vascular system, limited by available imaging technologies. We present a label-free optical imaging method that visualizes the lymphatic system with high contrast. We developed an orthogonal polarization imaging (OPI) in the shortwave infrared range (SWIR) and imaged both lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels of mice and rats in vivo through intact skin, as well as human mesenteric lymph nodes in colectomy specimens. By integrating SWIR-OPI with U-Net, a deep learning image segmentation algorithm, we automated the lymph node size measurement process. Changes in lymph nodes in response to cancer progression were monitored in two separate mouse cancer models, through which we obtained insights into pre-metastatic niches and correlation between lymph node masses and many important biomarkers. In a human pilot study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of SWIR-OPI to detect human lymph nodes in real time with clinical colectomy specimens. One Sentence SummaryWe develop a real-time high contrast optical technique for imaging the lymphatic system, and apply it to anatomical pathology gross examination in a clinical setting, as well as real-time monitoring of tumor microenvironment in animal studies.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2022

Breast cancer progression and metastasis to lymph nodes reveals cancer cell plasticity and MHC class II-mediated immune regulation

Tumor-draining lymph nodes are critical sites for generating tumor antigen-specific T cells and are associated with durable immune responses. However, lymph nodes are often the first site of metastasis and lymph node metastases portend worse outcomes. Through cross-species single cell gene expression analysis of breast cancer progression and metastasis to lymph nodes, we uncovered features that define the heterogeneity, plasticity, and immune evasion of cancer cells. Notably, a subpopulation of metastatic cancer cells in the lymph node were marked by high levels of MHC class II (MHC-II) gene expression both in mice and humans. Mechanistically, the IFN-{gamma} and JAK/STAT signaling pathways mediate MHC-II expression in cancer cells. Ablation of IFNGR1/2 or CIITA, the transactivator of MHC-II, in cancer cells prevented tumor progression. Interestingly, MHC-II+ cancer cells lacked co-stimulatory molecule expression, engendered the expansion of regulatory T cells and blunted CD4+ effector T cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes and favor tumor progression. Overall, our data suggests that cancer cell plasticity during breast cancer progression and metastasis to lymph nodes endows metastatic cells with the ability to avoid immune surveillance. These data provide the basis for new opportunities to therapeutically stimulate anti-cancer immune responses against local and systemic metastases.

cancer biology↗