Otim, M. H. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2025

Pathogenic and genetic diversity of Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of Southern blight of common bean in Uganda

Sclerotium rolfsi Sacc. is a soil born fungus that causes southern blight to many crops in the tropical and subtropical regions. In 2018, Southern blight was reported to be the most prevalent bean root rot in Uganda. Earlier studies ascertained the morphological and pathogenic diversity of S. rolfsii, but limited understanding of its genetic diversity exists. Knowledge of S. rolfsii genetic diversity is a critical resource in the development of common bean varieties with durable resistance to the pathogen. A total of 188 S. rolfsii strains were collected from seven agro-ecological zones of Uganda in 2013, 2020 and 2021, and characterized for pathogenecity, growth rate, the number and colour of sclerotia produced and colony texture. The genetic diversity of the 188 strains was assessed using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from whole genome sequencing. The growth rate of the strains ranged between 1.1 to 3.6 cm/day while the number of sclerotia produced ranged between 0 to 543 per strain. The strains had fluffy, fibrous and compact colony texture. The sclerotia were either brown or dark brown. The analyzed strains were pathogenic on common bean and caused a disease severity indices between 10.1% and 93.3%. Average polymorphic information content across all chromosomes was 0.322 with a minimum of 0.145 and maximum of 0.525. Average observed heterozygosity across all the chromosomes was 0.782. Population structure analysis identified five genetically distinct groups. The results of analysis of molecular variance revealed that 0.39% of the variation was between population while 11.98% was between samples within population and 87.62% between samples across populations. The average genetic distances between the isolates from different agro-ecological zones was 0.038 while the average similarity coefficient was 0.968 There were significant differences in the morphological traits and pathogenicity across the different genetic clusters. This high levels of genetic diversity within strains needs to be taken into consideration while selecting strains for screening breeding lines. Key word: Pathogenicity, genetic diversity, Characterisation, Southern blight, common bean

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2020

Whole genome sequencing of global Spodoptera frugiperda populations: evidence for complex, multiple introductions across the Old World

Native to the Americas, the invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; FAW) was reported in West Africa in 2016, followed by chronological order of detections across the Old World and the hypothesis of an eastward Asia expansion. We explored population genomic signatures of American and Old World FAW and identified 12 maternal mitochondrial DNA genome lineages across the invasive range, while from 870 high-quality nuclear single nucleotide polymorphic DNA markers five distinct New World population clusters were identified, broadly reflected their native geographical ranges and absence of host-plant preferences. We identified unique admixed Old World populations, and admixed and non-admixed Asian FAW individuals, all of which suggested multiple introductions underpinned the pests global spread. Directional gene flow from the East into eastern Africa was also detected, in contrast to the west-to-east spread hypothesis. Our study demonstrated population genomic approaches via international partnership to address global emerging pest threats and biosecurity challenges.

genomics↗