Biology subjects

Olenik, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Olenik, S..

7 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Bioelectronic wearable sensors produced by computerized embroidery using a dual thread approach

Electronic textiles offer a promising route to wearable systems capable of continuous biophysical and biochemical monitoring. Their broader adoption remains limited by conductive threads that rarely support computerized embroidery (CEmb), reliable electronic integration, and reduced electrochemical capabilities due to coatings that degrade under bending, friction, or aqueous exposure. In this work, we use a dual-thread strategy that integrates silver-plated polyamide threads (AgPT) for high-conductivity pathways with PECOTEX, a chemically resilient PEDOT:PSS-coated cotton thread optimized for biochemical sensing. This approach preserves compatibility with CEmb, enhances electrochemical performance, and reduces cost by reserving AgPT for critical traces. We demonstrate a CEmb-compatible fabrication process for two wearable devices: a fully embroidered SmartBra for electrocardiography and a two-electrode ion sensor for potassium and sodium detection. We validate the design of our wearable dual-thread biosensors through laboratory characterization experiments and evaluate electrochemical sensing performance using a breast milk substitute, enabling realistic testing within womens health and infant-nutrition contexts. By focusing on scalable fabrication and meaningful applications, this work advances embroidered electronic textile systems toward practical, personalized healthcare monitoring.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2025

Electrochemical Lateral Flow Assay with Linked Analytics for the Surveillance of Cassava Brown Streak Disease in East Africa

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) severely threatens food security in East Africa and the livelihoods of hundreds of millions globally. Effective control requires large-scale surveillance in resource-limited settings, which is currently lacking. We present ELLA (Electrochemical Lateral Flow Assay with Linked Analytics), a portable, battery-free, low-cost digital diagnostic platform integrating lateral flow assays with near-field communication and electrochemical readouts for cloud-based data storage and analytics. Validated through extensive field trials in East Africa and smaller studies in Brazil, ELLA achieved 89% agreement with RT-qPCR and 95% with ELISA, often surpassing ELISA sensitivity at a material cost below US$1 per test. Leveraging ELLAs molecular results, we trained a deep-learning model (DeepELLA) for rapid, image-based diagnosis of CBSD, enabling scalable surveillance of this and potentially emerging plant pathogens. By combining electrochemical sensing, digital connectivity, and AI-driven analytics, ELLA offers a powerful tool to strengthen plant disease monitoring and food security. Its modular design also allows adaptation to other chemical and biological targets, creating opportunities for novel datasets and new insights into plant and environmental health.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2025

A Geometrically Transient Material for Bioelectronic Implants

The outstanding barrier properties of skin make it difficult to obtain reliable physiological information (especially chemical) without the use of implantable bioelectronic sensing devices to directly access the internal biology. The clinical utility of bioelectronic implants however, hinges on a key geometrical optimization problem: devices must scale-down in size to reduce surgical invasiveness while also creating enough space to integrate electronics for wireless power delivery, data exchange, and electrical/electrochemical monitoring. Here, we present a minimally invasive bioelectronic implant with a transient geometry that can be inserted subcutaneously and measures important markers, such as pH, temperature, cardiac and respiratory activity, and levels of lithium, an important element for medical applications. To produce this new class of minimally invasive and foldable implantable sensors, we developed a fabrication method that works with highly flexible substrates to enable multiple-fold miniaturization during implantation. After implantation, the implant autonomously unfolds back to its planar form for continuous wireless operation. We demonstrate the key concepts concerning implantation, operation, and removal through extensive in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo animal experiments. Our approach allows for robust multiplexed monitoring using quick and suture-free insertion procedures and may provide a unique advantage in the transition towards personalized health profiles.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2023

Facilitating Electrochemical Lateral Flow Assay using NFC-Enabled Potentiostat and Nitrocellulose-based Metal Electrodes

Rapid detection of pathogens at the point-of-need is crucial for preventing the spread of human, animal and plant diseases which can have devastating consequences both on the lives and livelihood of billions of people. Colorimetric, lateral flow assays consisting of a nitrocellulose membrane, are the preferred format today for low-cost on-site detection of pathogens. This assay format has, however, historically suffered from poor analytical performance and is not compatible with digital technologies. In this work, we report the development of a new class of digital diagnostics platform for precision point-of-need testing. This new versatile platform consists of two important innovations: i) A wireless and batteryless, microcontroller-based, low-cost Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled potentiostat that brings high performance electroanalytical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, square wave voltammetry) to the field. The NFC-potentiostat can be operated with a mobile app by minimally trained users; ii) A new approach for producing nitrocellulose membranes with integrated electrodes that facilitate high performance electrochemical detection at the point-of-need. We produced an integrated system housed in a 3D-printed phone case and demonstrated its used for the detection of Maize Mosaic Virus (MMV), a plant pathogen, as a proof-of-concept application.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2023

Time-Resolved Chemical Phenotyping of Whole Plant Roots with Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Machine Learning

Plants are non-equilibrium systems consisting of time-dependent biological processes. Phenotyping of chemical responses, however, is typically performed using plant tissues, which behave differently to whole plants, in one-off measurements. Single point measurements cannot capture the information rich time-resolved changes in chemical signals in plants associated with nutrient uptake, immunity or growth. In this work, we report a high-throughput, modular, real-time chemical phenotyping platform for continuous monitoring of chemical signals in the often-neglected root environment of whole plants: TETRIS (Time-resolved Electrochemical Technology for plant Root In-situ chemical Sensing). TETRIS consists of screen-printed electrochemical sensors for monitoring concentrations of salt, pH and H2O2 in the root environment of whole plants. TETRIS can detect time-sensitive chemical signals and be operated in parallel through multiplexing to elucidate the overall chemical behavior of living plants. Using TETRIS, we determined the rates of uptake of a range of ions (including nutrients and heavy metals) in Brassica oleracea acephala. We also modulated ion uptake using the ion channel blocker LaCl3, which we could monitor using TETRIS. We developed a machine learning model to predict the rates of uptake of salts, both harmful and beneficial, demonstrating that TETRIS can be used for rapid mapping of ion uptake for new plant varieties. TETRIS has the potential to overcome the urgent "bottleneck" in high-throughput screening in producing high yielding plant varieties with improved resistance against stress.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2022

Bioinspired Stretchable Transducer for Wearable Continuous Monitoring of Respiratory Patterns in Humans and Animals

We report a bio-inspired continuous wearable respiration sensor modeled after the lateral line system of fish which is used by the fish for detecting mechanical disturbances in the water. Despite the clinical importance of monitoring respiratory activity in humans and animals, continuous measurements of breathing patterns and rates are rarely performed in or outside of clinics. This is largely due to conventional sensors being too inconvenient or expensive for wearable sensing for most individuals and animals. The bio-inspired air-silicone composite transducer is placed on the chest and measures respiratory activity by continuously measuring the force applied to an air channel embedded inside a silicone-based elastomeric material. The force applied on the surface of the transducer during breathing changes the air pressure inside the channel which is measured using a commercial pressure sensor and mixed-signal wireless electronics. We extensively characterized the transducer produced in this work and tested it with humans, dogs, and laboratory rats. The bio-inspired air-silicone composite transducer may enable the early detection of a range of disorders that result in altered patterns of respiration. The technology reported can also be combined with artificial intelligence and cloud computing to algorithmically detect illness in humans and animals remotely, reducing unnecessary visits to clinics.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2019

Stretchable Composite Acoustic Transducer for Wearable Monitoring of Vital Signs

We report a highly flexible, stretchable, and mechanically robust low-cost soft composite consisting of silicone polymers and water (or hydrogels). When combined with conventional acoustic transducers, the materials reported enable high performance real-time monitoring of heart and respiratory patterns over layers of clothing (or furry skin of animals) without the need for direct contact with the skin. Our approach enables an entirely new method of fabrication that involves encapsulation of water and hydrogels with silicones and exploits the ability of sound waves to travel through the body. The system proposed outperforms commercial, metal-based stethoscopes for the auscultation of the heart when worn over clothing and is less susceptible to motion artefacts. We have tested the system both with human and furry animal subjects (i.e. dogs), primarily focusing on monitoring the heart, however, we also present initial results on monitoring breathing. Our work is especially important because it is the first demonstration of a stretchable sensor that is suitable for use with furry animals and do not require shaving of the animal for data acquisition.

bioengineering↗