Biology subjects

Noma, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Noma, M..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2020

Impact of Commiphora myrrha on bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species) related to dental caries

Dental caries is a chronic disease caused by the interaction of oral microorganisms, diet and host factors over time. Streptococcus mutans is considered as the main bacteria involve in dental decay, while the level of Lactobacillus spp. is directly related to the presence or onset of caries. Commiphora myrrha is an ancient plant which extracts are used as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory for mouth and throat due to it is antimicrobial activity. This study assessed the impact of Commiphora myrrha on two bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. involved in dental caries. Three samples of Streptococcus mutans bacteria were collected randomly from patients with dental caries in Khartoum dental teaching hospital, while Lactobacillus spp. were obtained from fermented milk. Disk and well diffusion methods were used to test the effect of four concentration (100,50,25 and 12.5 mg/ml) of Myrrha volatile oil, extracted by hydro-distillation technique. The biochemical analysis of Commiphora myrrha oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometric technique. The finding revealed that the four concentrations of oil were effective on Streptococcus mutans with the largest inhibition zone (18.7{+/-} 0.6 mm) through the well diffusion method and inhibition zone of (14.00 mm) with disc diffusion method regardless the two methods these inhibition zones were recorded at 100 mg/ml, with Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) at 3.125 mg/ml. While Lactobacillus spp. bacteria sensitive to three concentrations (100,50 and 25 mg/ml) and resistance to concentration 12.5 mg/ml, it is MBC found to be 25 mg/ml. In conclusion, this research revealed that Myrrh oil is effective on both S.mutans and Lactobacillus spp. Hence, Myrrha oil is a potential antibacterial product of interest in dental caries.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN KHARTOUM STATE

IntroductionNon-communicable diseases are multifactorial including genetic, physiological, environmental behavioral factors. Our research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Non-communicable diseases in two administrative units of Khartoum State.\n\nMethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two administrative units of Khartoum State on a sample of 132 participants selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Firstly, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select Alshohada/Soba out of the six administrative units of Khartoum locality (mode of living was urban). In Jabaal Awliya locality of four administrative units, Al Jabal (with urban and rural mode of living) was selected. At second level, 50 households were selected in each of the two administrative units through the geographical information system to obtain a representative spatial distribution of households in each of the administrative areas. At third level, in each of the household selected participants experiencing at least one NCD were included in the study after obtaining his/her verbal well informed consent. The data collected were computerized through Epi Info 7 and analyzed through SPSS 23. The data were firstly summarized numerically and graphically. Association among variables were determined through chi-square tests and ANOVA. A multi-logistic regression was conducted to estimate the risk factors associated to NCDs. All statistical tests were considered significant when p < 0.05.\n\nResultsOur findings revealed that NCDs prevailed with an overall prevalence of 24/100,000 population. Of the fifteen risk factors associated to NCDs in the two administrative units, seven were statistically associated (p < 0.05) to NCDs.\n\nDiscussionIn our research the risk factors statistically associated with NCDs were age and gender of the participants, their profession, educational level, physical activities, follow-up visits and having meals outside home. In conclusion NCDs were public health priorities with particular attention to diabetes and hypertension to avoid premature deaths.

scientific communication and education↗

bioRxiv2019

Nutritional Status and its Related Factors in Khalwa Residents, Khartoum state, Sudan.

IntroductionKhalwa is an Islamic educational institution, known as such in Sudan and called elsewhere Koranic institution. Our research aimed to assess the nutritional status and its related factors among Khalwa residents in Khartoum State.\n\nMethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was implemented in two localities of Khartoum State. A multistage sampling technique was used to selected 1273 residents. At first level, four khalwa were selected in the seven localities of Khartoum State through a stratified random sampling technique. At second level, in each of the khalwa selected, all the residents fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The collected data were firstly summarized numerically and graphically. Then, associations/differences among variables were determined through chi-square tests and ANOVA. A multinomial logistic regression established the relationship between the nutritional status of the residents and its related factors. All statistical tests were considered statistically significant when p< 0.05.\n\nResultsThe age of 1273 residents varied from 6 to 60 years with an average age of 15 years. Their mean body mass index (BMI) of 16.6{+/-}3.4 ranged from 7.8 to 34.0. 73.8% (939/1272) of the residents were undernourished, 23.9% (23.9%, 309/1272) were well nourished and 2.3% (29/1272) were overweight/obese. The statistically significant factors related to the nutritional status of the residents were age (under-nourished p=0.000; well-nourished p=0.004), status in the khalwa (p=0.001 vs p=0.075), resting time (p=0.002 vs p=0.038), practices of hand washing (p=0.165 vs p=0.011) and exercising (p=0.032 vs p=0.027). The food practices, despite their contributions to the model, were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).\n\nDiscussionThe nutritional status of khalwa should be translated urgently in a community-directed intervention based on a partnership involving the affected communities, political and administrative authorities, national, bilateral and international donors to overcome the burden of malnutrition.

epidemiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan 2010-2016

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide including Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan.\n\nMaterials and methodsA facility based cross-sectional study was implemented in eighteen histopathology laboratories distributed in the three localities of Khartoum State on a sample of 4630 Breast Cancer cases diagnosed during the period 2010-2016. A master database was developed through Epi Info 7.1.5.2 for computerizing the data collected: the facility name, type (public or private), and its geo- location (latitude and longitude). Personal data on patients were extracted from their respective medical records (name, age, marital status, ethnic group, State, locality, administrative unit, permanent address and phone number, histopathology diagnosis). The data was summarized through SPSS to generate frequency tables for estimating prevalence and the geographical information system (ArcGIS 10.3) was used to generate the epidemiological distribution maps. ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis features were used to develop risk maps based on the kriging method.\n\nResultsBreast cancer prevalence was 3.9 cases per 100,000 female populations. Of the 4423 cases of breast cancer, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST) was the most frequent (79.5%, 3517/4423) histopathological diagnosis. The spatial analysis indicated as high risk areas for breast cancer in Sudan the States of Nile River, Northern, Red Sea, White Nile, Northern and Southern Kordofan.\n\nConclusionsThe attempt to develop a predictive map of breast cancer in Sudan revealed three levels of risk areas (risk, intermediate and high risk areas); regardless the risk level, appropriate preventive and curative health interventions with full support from decision makers are urgently needed.

epidemiology↗