Nissley, A. J. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2023

Interactions between terminal RNA helices affect the stability of the Escherichia coli large ribosomal subunit

The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein assembly that uses diverse and complex molecular interactions to maintain proper folding. In vivo assembled ribosomes have been isolated using MS2-tags installed in either the 16S or 23S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), to enable studies of ribosome structure and function in vitro. RNA tags in the Escherichia coli 50S subunit have commonly been inserted into an extended helix H98 in 23S rRNA, as this addition does not affect cellular growth or in vitro ribosome activity. Here, we find that E. coli 50S subunits with MS2 tags inserted in H98 are destabilized compared to wild type (WT) 50S subunits. We identify the loss of RNA-RNA tertiary contacts that bridge helices H1, H94, and H98 as the cause of destabilization. Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that this interaction is disrupted by the addition of the MS2 tag and can be restored through the insertion of a single adenosine in the extended H98 helix. This work establishes ways to improve MS2 tags in the 50S subunit that maintain ribosome stability and investigates a complex RNA tertiary structure that may be important for stability in various bacterial ribosomes.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2022

Rare Ribosomal RNA Sequences from Archaea Stabilize the Bacterial Ribosome

Ribosomes serve as the universally conserved translators of the genetic code into proteins and must support life across temperatures ranging from below freezing to above the boiling point of water. Ribosomes are capable of functioning across this wide range of temperatures even though the catalytic site for peptide bond formation, the peptidyl transferase center, is nearly universally conserved. Peptide bond formation by the ribosome requires correct positioning of the 3 s-end of the aminoacylated tRNA (aa-tRNA) substrate, which is aided by an RNA hairpin in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the large subunit, termed the A loop. Here we find that Thermoproteota, a phylum of thermophilic Archaea, substitute cytidine for uridine at large subunit rRNA positions 2554 and 2555 (Escherichia coli numbering) in the A loop, immediately adjacent to the binding site for the 3'-end of A-site tRNA. We show by cryo-EM that E. coli ribosomes with uridine to cytidine mutations at these positions retain the proper fold and post-transcriptional modification of the A loop. Additionally, these mutations do not exert a dominant negative effect on cellular growth, protect the large ribosomal subunit from thermal denaturation, and increase the mutational robustness of nucleotides in the peptidyl transferase center. This work identifies sequence variation in the peptidyl transferase center of the archaeal ribosome that likely confers stabilization of the ribosome at high temperatures and develops a stable mutant bacterial ribosome that can act as a scaffold for future ribosome engineering efforts.

biophysics↗