Biology subjects

Nihashi, Y.

Publications and source records attributed to Nihashi, Y..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

Myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotide restores differentiation and reverses inflammation of myoblasts aggravated by cancer-conditioned medium

Cancer cachexia is characterized by irreversible muscle loss which is a critical factor in the prognosis of cancer patients. Myoblasts are myogenic precursor cells that are required to maintain skeletal muscle tissue. Previous studies have reported that cancer-released factors deteriorate myoblast differentiation, which is one of the causes of cachexia-associated muscle wasting. We recently identified the myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotide iSN04, which acts an anti-nucleolin aptamer and promotes myogenesis. The present study investigated the effects of iSN04 on human myoblasts exposed to conditioned medium (CM) of colon cancer cells. Cancer-CM impaired myogenic differentiation and myotube formation of myoblasts by upregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. iSN04 completely reversed cancer-CM-induced deteriorated myogenesis and inflammatory responses in myoblasts. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), a representative cytokine present in cancer-CM, inhibited differentiation and induced inflammation of myoblasts, similar to cancer-CM. Pre-treatment with iSN04 reversed TNF--induced cachectic phenotypic features in myoblasts. These results indicate that iSN04 protects myoblasts against the effects of cancer-released factors and maintain their myogenic activity. This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent muscle loss associated with cancer cachexia.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotides as anti-nucleolin aptamers inhibit the growth of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells

BackgroundEmbryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is the muscle-derived tumor retaining myogenic ability. iSN04 and AS1411, which are myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotides (myoDNs) serving as anti-nucleolin aptamers, have been reported to inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of myoblasts. The present study investigated the effects of iSN04 and AS1411 on the growth of multiple ERMS1 cell lines in vitro. MethodsThree patient-derived ERMS cell lines, ERMS1, KYM1, and RD, were used. Nucleolin expression and localization in these cells was confirmed by immunostaining. The effects of iSN04 or AS1411 on the growth of ERMS cells were examined by cell counting, EdU staining, quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR), and three-dimensional culture of tumorspheres. ResultsIn all ERMS cell lines, nucleolin was abundantly expressed, and localized and concentrated in nucleoli, similar to myoblasts. Both iSN04 and AS1411 (10-30 M) significantly decreased the number of all ERMS cells; however, their optimal conditions were different among the cell lines. iSN04 (10 M) markedly reduced the ratio of EdU+ cells, indicating the inhibition of cell proliferation. qPCR demonstrated that iSN04 suppressed the cell cycle, partially promoted myogenesis, but did not induce apoptosis. Finally, both iSN04 and AS1411 (10-30 M) disrupted the formation and outgrowth of RD tumorspheres mimicking in vivo tumorigenesis. ConclusionsERMS cells expressed nucleolin, and their growth was inhibited by the anti-nucleolin aptamers, iSN04 and AS1411. The present study provides the first evidence that anti-nucleolin aptamers can be used as nucleic acid drugs for chemotherapy against ERMS.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotide (myoDN) complexed with berberine promotes differentiation of chicken skeletal muscle myoblasts

Skeletal muscle myoblasts are myogenic precursors that develop into myofibers during muscle formation. Improvement of myoblast differentiation is important for advancing meat production by domestic animals. We recently identified novel oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) termed myogenetic ODNs (myoDNs) that promote the differentiation of mammalian myoblasts. An isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine, forms a complex with one of the myoDNs, iSN04, and enhances its activities. This study investigated the effects of myoDNs on chicken myoblasts to elucidate their species-specific actions. Seven myoDNs (iSN01-iSN07) were found to facilitate the differentiation of chicken myoblasts into myosin heavy chain (MHC)-positive myocytes. The iSN04-berberine complex exhibited a higher myogenetic activity than iSN04 alone, which was shown to enhance the differentiation of myoblasts into myocytes, myotube formation, and myogenic gene expression (MyoD, myogenin, MHC, and myomaker). These data indicate that myoDNs promoting chicken myoblast differentiation may be used as potential feed additives in broiler diets.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Identification of the myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotides (myoDNs) that promote differentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts by targeting nucleolin

Herein we report that the 18-base telomeric oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) designed from the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG genome promote differentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts which are myogenic precursor cells. We termed these myogenetic ODNs (myoDNs). The activity of one of the myoDNs, iSN04, was independent of Toll-like receptors, but dependent on its conformational state. Molecular simulation and iSN04 mutants revealed stacking of the 13-15th guanines as a core structure for iSN04. The alkaloid berberine bound to the guanine stack and enhanced iSN04 activity, probably by stabilizing and optimizing iSN04 conformation. We further identified nucleolin as an iSN04-binding protein. Results showed that iSN04 antagonizes nucleolin, increases the levels of p53 protein translationally suppressed by nucleolin, and eventually induces myotube formation by modulating the expression of genes involved in myogenic differentiation and cell cycle arrest. This study shows that bacterial-derived myoDNs serve as aptamers and are potential nucleic acid drugs directly targeting myoblasts.

cell biology↗