Biology subjects

Nierves, L.

Publications and source records attributed to Nierves, L..

7 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Single-Islet Proteomics Maps Pseudo-Temporal Islet Immune Responses and Dysfunction in Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes

Progressive {beta}-cell dysfunction precedes the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet the molecular mechanisms driving early T1D development remain poorly understood. Although single-cell RNA-sequencing has uncovered transcript-level changes in human islet cells, it offers limited insight into the heterogeneity of distinct islet microenvironments. Here, we applied a single-islet proteomics workflow to profile intra-donor islet heterogeneity in three stage 1 T1D cases with matched non-diabetic controls and define in situ protein signatures of pseudo-temporal islet dysfunction. Intra-donor analyses of [~]100 individual islets per donor revealed highly consistent proteomic patterns reflecting pseudo-time progression of islet immune responses and {beta}-cell dysfunction. Several pathways, including extracellular matrix remodeling and mRNA processing, were identified as closely associated with progressive islet immune activation and loss of {beta}-cell function. These findings provide robust proteome-wide evidence of the progression of islet dysfunction, offer a valuable resource for investigating early mechanisms of T1D pathogenesis-- including novel candidates for functional studies--and underscore the utility of single-islet spatial proteomics for examining islet heterogeneity in T1D.

systems biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Characterization of cytokine treatment on human pancreatic islets by top-down proteomics

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing {beta} cells in the pancreatic islet. This process is modulated by pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling, which have been previously shown to alter protein expression in ex vivo islets. Herein, we applied top-down proteomics to globally evaluate proteoforms from human islets treated with proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-{gamma} and interleukin-1{beta}). We measured 1636 unique proteoforms across 6 donors and two time points (control and 24-hours post-treatment) and observed consistent changes in abundance across the glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide (GRPP) and major proglucagon fragment regions of glucagon, as well as the LF-19/catestatin and vasostatin-1/2 region of chromogranin-A. We also observe several proteoforms that increase after cytokine-treatment or are exclusively observed after cytokine-treatment including forms of beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M), high-mobility group N2 protein (HMGN2), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands (CXCL). Together, our quantitative results provide a baseline proteoform profile for human islets and identify several proteoforms that may serve as interesting candidate markers for T1D progression or therapeutic intervention. Statement of significance of the studyThis work applies a top-down proteomics workflow for the characterization and label-free quantification of proteoforms from human islets in the context of inflammation. The workflow is optimized for challenges unique to the islet proteome including high disulfide-linkage content and frequent truncation events, resulting in many proteoforms <5 kDa. There are limited examples of top-down proteomics characterization of human islets, thus this study provides a baseline characterization of the proteoforms of major hormones including insulin, glucagon, chromogranin-A and -B, and somatostatin. The quantitative results of proteoform abundances before and after cytokine treatment, which mimics the proinflammatory environment during T1D progression, enables the discovery of interesting proteoform candidates as potential markers of T1D progression.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2024

Analysis of protein levels and solubility in distinct brain regions reveals several elements of the protein homeostasis network that are impacted by aging

The onset of protein conformation diseases is inextricably linked to aging. During aging, cellular protein quality control declines which results in diminished protein homeostasis (proteostasis). In model organisms, such as C. elegans and killifish, proteostatic decline with age has been linked to the onset of aggregation of proteins in wild-type animals, observed through detergent-insoluble fractionation. Analysis of studies applying detergent-insoluble fractionation in mice revealed that the composition of detergent-insoluble proteins changes with age. However, these individual fractionation studies have generally been limited to small numbers of mice. Herein, we expand on our previous analysis by extending the experiments to a larger cohort of mice and to two brain regions implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, the cortex and hippocampus. These experiments unveil insights into alterations in the abundance and solubility of proteins involved in protein quality control and in inflammation. For example, ribosomal proteins and many chaperone proteins are downregulated with age. Consistent enrichment of subunits of the extracellular C1q complex was also observed in both brain regions alongside an increase in immunoglobulin signal indicating that markers of increased inflammation may also become insoluble during aging. More generally, insoluble proteins share features observed in datasets of impaired protein degradation indicating that the loss of activity of cellular protein degradation machinery may contribute to the specific aggregation of these proteins.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Multi-omic profiling of the leukemic microenvironment shows bone marrow interstitial fluid is distinct from peripheral blood plasma

The bone marrow is the place of hematopoiesis with a microenvironment that supports lifelong maintenance of stem cells and high proliferation. It is not surprising that this environment is also favourable for malignant cells emerging in the bone marrow or metastasizing to it. While the cellular composition of the bone marrow microenvironment has been extensively studied, the extracellular matrix and interstitial fluid components have received little attention. Since the sinusoids connect the bone marrow interstitial fluid to the circulation, it is often considered to have the same composition as peripheral blood plasma. Stark differences in the cellular composition of the bone marrow and peripheral blood with different secretory capacities would however suggest profound differences. In this study we set out to better define if and how the bone marrow interstitial fluid (BMIF) compares to the peripheral blood plasma (PBP) and how both are remodeled during chemotherapy. We applied a multi-omic strategy to quantify the metabolite, lipid and protein components as well as the proteolytic modification of proteins to gain a comprehensive understanding of the two compartments. We found that the bone marrow interstitial fluid is clearly distinct from peripheral blood plasma, both during active pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and following induction chemotherapy. Either compartment was shaped differently by active leukemia, with the bone marrow interstitial fluid being rich in extracellular vesicle components and showing protease dysregulation while the peripheral blood plasma showed elevation of immune regulatory proteins. Following chemotherapy, the BMIF showed signs of cellular remodeling and impaired innate immune activation while the peripheral blood plasma was characterized by restored lipid homeostasis.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Detectability of biotin tags by LC-MS/MS

The high affinity of biotin to streptavidin has made it one of the most widely used affinity tags in proteomics. Early methods used biotin for enrichment alone and mostly ignored the biotin labeled peptide. Recent advances in labeling led to an increase in biotinylation efficiency and shifted the interest to detection of the site of biotinylation. This increased confidence in identification and provides additional structural information yet it requires efficient release of the biotinylated protein/peptide and sensitive separation and detection of biotinylated peptides by LC-MS/MS. Despite its long use in affinity proteomics the effect of biotinylation on the chromatographic, ionization, and fragmentation behaviour and ultimate detection of peptides is not well understood. To address this we compare two commercially-available biotin labels EZ-Link Sulfo-NHS-Biotin and Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin, the latter one containing a labile linker to efficiently release biotin to determine the effects of peptide modification on peptide detection. We describe an increase of hydrophobicity and charge reduction with increasing number of biotin labels attached. Based on our data we recommend gradient optimization to account for more hydrophobic biotinylated peptides and include singly charged precursors to account for charge reduction by biotin.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2019

PDX models reflect the proteome landscape of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia but divert in select pathways

Murine xenografts of pediatric leukemia are known to accurately recapitulate genomic aberrations. How this translates to the functional capacity of the proteome is unknown. Here, we studied global protein abundance, phosphorylation, and proteolytic processing in 11 pediatric B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and 19 corresponding xenografts. Protein level differences that stratified pediatric disease subtypes at diagnostic and relapse stages were largely recapitulated in xenograft models. Patient xenografts lacked multiple human leukocyte antigens, and complement proteins, and presented incomplete response mechanisms to the host immune system which is absent in the murine model. The dominant expression of MKI67 and cell cycle proteins indicated a high proliferative capacity of xenografted cells residing in the spleen. Structural genomic changes and mutations found in patients were reflected at the protein level. The post-translational modification landscape is shaped by leukemia type and host and only to a limited degree by the patient of origin. This study portrays how genomic and host factors shape protein and post-translational modification landscapes differently, and confirms murine patient-derived xenograft as competent model system while highlighting important areas of diverging biology.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Sensitive determination of proteolytic proteoforms in limited microscale proteome samples

Protein N-termini reveal fundamental regulatory mechanisms and their perturbation in disease. Current terminome identification approaches are limited to whole organs or expandable cultured cells. We present a robust, sensitive, scalable and automatable method for system-wide identification of thousands of N-termini from minute samples. Identification of distinct N- terminal profiles in sorted immune cells, subcellular compartments, clinical biopsies, plasma from pediatric cancer patients, and protease substrates in Arabidopsis seedlings demonstrate broad applicability.

biochemistry↗